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沪浙新高考改革近4年效果如何? 等级赋分技术待改进

2018-07-13 07:36:10    新华网

一一选考科目实施等级分需进一步科学划定。上海、浙江高考改革均为等级性考试科目,以等级赋分制来呈现考试成绩。但在操作中,由于等级比例按规定进行划定,所以有可能出现这样的现象:两名考生在一门等级考试科目中相差一分,却相差一个或两个等级。这意味着原始分相差一分,两名考生最终得到的等级分相差3分或更多。这种分差在计入高考成绩后对考生造成的影响不可忽视。

一一综合素质评价信息的使用需更加关注公平性。高校在进行综合素质评价录取时,通常是通过面试进行评分。在上海、浙江的高考录取过程中,有关高校均以高度负责的态度进行了组织,总体反应较好。但调研中部分高中校长表示,在实施综合素质评价后高校的招生自主权有所扩大,如何保证过程的公平性尤其值得关注。由于社会诚信体系尚未很好建立,加之学生并没有全面了解高校对综合素质评价信息的使用方法,因此,对于在综合素质评价中是否会出现“开后门”等问题,家长和学校均表示担心。

同时,从短期看,“3+3”招考模式改革打破了原先“3+1”模式,使得选考各门学科的考生比例有所调整,这意味着各学科的学生比例每年都有变化,对学科教师的规模和结构产生了直接影响,不同时段、不同学校、不同学科教师需求量的波动性较大。由此在短期内,高中无法根据以往工作经验配备师资,导致出现部分学科教师结构性短缺与富余的现象。

针对上述问题,课题组提出以下建议:

在选考学科中,将物理、历史作为必选科目之一。同时,对物理、历史两门限选科目计120分,采用原始分计分。这样既解决了区分度不够的问题,也加强了物理、历史两门学科的学科地位。

增强综合素质评价和使用评价结果的科学性。从世界一流大学录取方式可以看出,综合素质评价的主体是高校而非高中;综合素质的内容主要是看学生在面对复杂问题时,综合运用所学知识解决问题的能力;评价手段主要是由一系列测评环节构成,比如提交报考志愿、参加小组讨论、合作完成学习任务、完成临时布置的任务、辩论、进行课题设计等。

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