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中国为医治荒漠化这个“地球癌症”贡献“药方”

2018-06-09 08:56:03    新华网

尊重自然,顺应自然,防沙治沙从粗放式走向精细化

内蒙古赤峰市,京津风沙源治理工程的重点区域。这里营造的杨树固沙林并不是密集分布,而是两行杨树并列,株距3米,行距5米;每两行杨树之间,是25米宽的植被修复带。较窄的林带与较宽的自然植被、土壤和微生物修复带相间,这种把人工造林与自然修复力相结合的复合固沙植被模式,被称为“两行一带”。

以往我国不少地方以大密度造林的方式来治沙,没有充分考虑沙区水资源承载力,结果导致中幼林衰亡、“小老头树”的现象。赤峰市等地推行的这种新的造林模式,改变了原来的传统做法,被称为“低覆盖度治沙”,是“十二五”期间林业工程技术的一个重大突破。

中国治沙暨沙业学会副会长、秘书长、中国林科院防沙治沙首席专家杨文斌对记者说,低覆盖度治沙理论开拓了植被覆盖度在15%—25%即能固定流沙的新领域,针对适宜极端干旱区、干旱区和半干旱区,提出了单行一带、两行一带、多行一带、网格、生态林业体系等治沙造林模式,把人工治理与自然修复结合起来,基本上解决了中幼林衰败以及“小老头树”的问题,做到了尊重自然、顺应自然、天人合一。

“我国从2017年1月起执行修订后的《国家造林技术规程》,规程采纳了低覆盖度治沙理论和新的造林模式。这一治沙造林技术使得造林成本降低了30%—60%,能够实现一次固沙、永久治理的目标,目前正在内蒙古、甘肃、新疆等地大规模推行。”杨文斌说。

低覆盖度治沙是我国防沙治沙从粗放式走向精细化的一个缩影。我国依托科技创新进行防沙治沙,致力于相关基础科学和应用技术研究,治沙“工具箱”越来越好用,“药方”越来越有效。

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