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农业生产经营人员数量减少素质提高

2017-12-18 06:21:17   央广网

第三次全国农业普查有关农业生产经营人员的调查结果显示,2016年,在农业经营户或农业经营单位中从事农业生产经营活动累计30天以上的人员数(包括兼业人员)31422万人,比2006年减少8.7%。

一、分性别看,男性生产经营人员数量高于女性,东北地区男性比例最高

2016年,男性农业生产经营人员占农业生产经营人员的比重为52.5%,女性占47.5%。随着农业机械化进程加快,在一定程度上代替了女性的田间劳动,女性农业生产经营人员减少。分地区看,大中型拖拉机最多的东北地区,男性农业生产经营人员占农业生产经营人员的比重最高,达到54.3%。

 二、从年龄看,36-54岁农业生产经营人员数量最多,东北地区36-54岁农业生产经营人员比重最高

从农业生产经营人员的年龄分组看,2016年,36-54岁分组农业生产经营人员数量最多,占农业生产经营人员的比重为47.3%,分别比55岁及以上年龄组和35岁及以下年龄组高13.7和28.1个百分点。分地区看,东北地区36-54岁农业生产经营人员比重达到49.8%,分别比东部、中部和西部高5.3、2.1和1.2个百分点。

 三、从受教育程度看,农业生产经营人员素质提高,分地区看,西部地区受教育程度最低

从受教育程度看,2016年,初中程度的农业生产经营人员最多,占农业生产经营人员的比重为48.4%,比2006年提高3.3个百分点;高中或中专程度的比重为7.1%,比2006年提高3.0个百分点;大专及以上程度的比重为1.2%,比2006年提高1.0个百分点。

分地区看,东部地区受教育程度初中及以上的农业生产经营人员比重为62.2%;其次是东北和中部地区,分别为62.0%和61.6%;西部地区受教育程度最低,初中及以上的比重仅为46.6%,分别比东部、中部和东北地区低15.6、15.0和15.4个百分点。

 四、分行业看,从事种植业的农业生产经营人员最多

按主要从事农业行业分,从事种植业的人员最多,占农业生产经营人员的比重为92.9%;其次是畜牧业,比重为3.5%;近年来,随着国家生态建设力度不断加大,林业生产经营人员增加,林业生产经营人员比重达到2.2%;渔业生产经营人员比重为0.8%;农林牧渔服务业生产经营人员比重为0.6%。

 五、规模农业经营户和农业经营单位中农业生产经营人员男性更多、年龄更适中、受教育程度更高

规模农业经营户中,男性农业生产经营人员比重为52.8%,高于总农业生产经营人员男性比重0.3个百分点;年龄36-54岁农业生产经营人员比重为58.3%,比总农业生产经营人员同年龄组比重高11.0个百分点;受教育程度初中及以上的农业生产经营人员比重为65.8%,比总农业生产经营人员同等受教育程度比重高9.1个百分点。

农业经营单位中,男性农业生产经营人员比重为59.4%,高于总农业生产经营人员男性比重6.9个百分点;年龄36-54岁农业生产经营人员比重为61.2%,比总农业生产经营人员同年龄组比重高13.9个百分点;受教育程度初中及以上的农业生产经营人员比重为74.6%,比总农业生产经营人员同等受教育程度比重高17.9个百分点。

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