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统计局:新型农业经营主体蓬勃发展,农业现代化步伐加快

2017-12-15 11:36:13   央广网

新型农业经营主体蓬勃发展

农业现代化步伐加快

——国家统计局高级统计师黄秉信

解读第三次全国农业普查主要数据公报(第二号)

第三次全国农业普查结果显示,农业生产经营向规模化和专业化方向发展,新型农业经营主体数量大幅增加,机耕、机播、机收等农业机械化水平不断提高,农田水利设施不断完善,设施农业数量增长迅速。

一、新型农业经营主体数量大幅增加

2006年以来,我国耕地流转规模不断加大,经济发展日趋活跃,农业经营单位等新型经营主体蓬勃发展。第三次全国农业普查结果显示,2016年末,全国规模农业经营户398万户;农业经营单位204万个,农业经营单位数量较十年前增长417.4%。农业经营单位数量增加的主要原因是农民合作社数量大幅度增加。2016年末,全国以农业生产经营或服务为主的农民合作社数量达91万个,占农业经营单位的44.6%。分地区看,东部地区规模农业经营户和农业经营单位数量最多,分别占全国的30.0%和33.6%;东北地区规模农业经营户和农业经营单位数量最少,分别占全国的20.8%和8.3%

伴随农业生产经营单位等新型经营主体数量的增加,我国农业生产向规模化和专业化方向发展。第三次全国农业普查结果显示,规模农业经营户和农业生产经营单位实际耕种的耕地面积占全国实际耕种的耕地面积的28.6%;规模农业经营户和农业生产经营单位的生猪和禽类存栏量分别占全国的62.9%和73.9%。

二、农业机械化率提高

近十年来,国家为支持农业生产的机械化和规模化发展,先后出台了诸如农机购置补贴等多项农业扶持政策,联合收获机等大型机械数量大幅增加,我国农业机械装备水平不断提升。第三次全国农业普查结果显示,2016年末,全国联合收获机114万台,比十年前增长了105.3%,排灌动力机械1431万套,比十年前增长了6.1%。由于农业机械的大量使用,主要农作物的机械化水平不断提升。2016年,三大主粮作物中,小麦的机械化耕收程度最高,其机耕、机播和机收的比重分别达到了94.5%、82.0%和92.2%;稻谷的机耕和机收程度虽低于小麦,但也分别达到了83.3%和80.1%,但机播比重较低,仅为29.0%;玉米的机耕水平虽然低于小麦和稻谷,但也达到了73.7%,其机播和机收水平分别为69.9%和61.7%。

三、农田水利设施不断完善

水利是农业的命脉。近十年来,国家不断加大对农田水利建设的投资力度,农田水利设施不断完善,能正常使用的机电井、排灌站及能够使用的灌溉用水塘和水库数量不断增长。第三次全国农业普查结果显示,2016年末,全国调查村中能够正常使用的机电井659万眼,较十年前增长8.2%;排灌站42万个,较十年前增长8.9%;能够使用的灌溉用水塘和水库349万个,较十年前增长53.3%。

农田水利设施的不断完善使得全国灌溉耕地面积不断增加。2016年,全国有灌溉设施或水源,正常气候下灌溉耕地面积占全国实际耕种耕地面积的55.2%。有喷灌、滴灌、渗灌设施的耕地占能灌溉耕地面积的近1/6。从灌溉用水源看,主要使用地表水的占69.5%,主要使用地下水的占30.5%。

四、设施农业占地面积增加

随着我国农业工程技术的快速发展、设施农业技术的逐渐成熟和城乡居民生活需求的增加,我国设施农业面积迅速扩大。第三次全国农业普查结果显示,2016年末,全国温室占地面积334千公顷,较十年前增长了312.6%;大棚占地面积981千公顷,较十年前增长了111.0%。分地区看,东部地区设施农业面积最大,温室和大棚占地面积分别占全国的38.8%和48.3%;中部地区温室面积最少,仅占全国的12.2%;东北地区因气候寒冷,大棚面积最少,占全国的10.8%。

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