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航空公司负责人谈空中放油:对环境影响微乎其微

2017-11-08 06:51:00   央广网

放掉燃油实属无奈 环境影响微乎其微

11月3日,从纽约飞往广州的南航CZ600航班上,一名女性旅客空中突发疾病。机组启动应急处置程序,在空中放掉了43吨燃油后,成功备降冰岛一机场。旅客及时被送往医院急救,目前已无大碍,脱离生命危险。

该事件引发公众对空中放油的关注。为什么要选择空中放油?空中放油过程是怎样的?对环境是否有污染?什么地方才能放油?对飞机安全会造成影响吗?对此,科技日报记者采访了南方航空相关负责人。

为了安全降落只能空中放油

好好的油,为什么要选择放掉呢?

据南航航空相关负责人介绍,飞机在起飞时需要携带预期飞行全程所需的足够油量以及一定的备用油量。在按计划飞抵目的地时,飞机携带的燃油消耗也基本和起飞前的预期相差无几。此时,飞机的机身重量就符合起降标准。

但是,一旦飞机在起飞不久就需要降落的话,那么飞机所携带的燃油并没有被消耗,此时,机身重量就超过规章标准中规定的着陆重量。在此情况下,飞机为了安全降落,只能在空中放油。

“本次事件中,执行此次航班的飞机最大落地重量是251吨。由于飞机才飞行了四个多小时,飞机的重量远超过最大落地重量,因此需要放油43吨。”该负责人说。

放油地点选在海洋山区荒地

空中放油的过程是怎样的?放出来的油会对环境造成影响吗?

记者了解到,飞机在空中放油时,会通过雾化处理,让释放的燃油得到稀释。所谓雾化,是指液体变成液态小水珠的过程。

据南方航空相关负责人介绍,飞机空中放油的高度一般保持在3000米以上。当飞机空中放出的航空煤油经雾化后,会变成许多非常细小的油滴,这些油滴悬浮在空中形成油雾。而3000米高空的低气压会带来较大的空气流动。

“高空的风将这些油雾吹散形成油气,并在更大范围内流动、稀释,对环境的影响可以说微乎其微。”该负责人说。

记者得知,为了尽可能地避免油污污染,民航业对放油区的选择非常谨慎。一般而言,放油地点都选在海洋、山区、荒地的上空。其中,沿海地区的放油区多选择在外海上空。本次事件中,在得到冰岛管制许可后,飞机便沿着海面上的航路空中放油。

空中放油是十分安全的过程

空中放油的过程,对飞机安全有影响吗?

记者了解到,不是所有的飞机都能进行空中放油。要完成这一动作,还需要机型具备这一功能。目前而言,大型民用飞机都在机翼末端设有放油管,一旦需要就可以通过放油管来排掉多余的航油。一些窄体飞机由于载油量不大,没有设置专门的放油设备。一旦紧急降落,就需要通过空中盘旋来消耗燃油,直至机身重量符合降落标准。

“虽然空中放油是确保安全的无奈之举,但只要共同努力、高效配合,空中放油是一个十分安全的过程。”南方航空相关负责人说。

(科技日报广州11月7日电)

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