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飞行“玩手机”的日子还有多远 民航新规仍不允许

2017-10-11 15:46:53   

航空公司运行标准部总经理吴江洲已经从业十多年了,他向记者透露,一直以来,从没有证据证实,在飞机上开启手机,会影响飞机的飞行。倒是曾经监测到过收音机无线电电波干扰进飞行通讯的波段里。那么,为什么国外有些航空公司允许乘客在飞机上开着手机呢?因为美国联邦航空局把权力“下放”给了各航空公司,也就是说通过一定的评估程序,航空公司应在每种自有机型上做手机信号防干扰测试,测试后自己有决策权,风险自己承担,局方就会批准。目前为止,美国的航空公司做的相关防干扰测试结果显示没有问题,所以他们都选择了允许乘客在飞机飞行时开启手机,但一般需要设定飞行模式。我国民航为何一直禁止手机在飞机上开启呢?“因为历史上来讲,我们是按国际上的规定来制定的我们国内的民航规章制度。之前的第四版民航规章就是根据国际上的规定借鉴制定的,现在第五版的新规,也是根据国际上新规定的变化制定的。‘松口’把权力下放给了航空公司。或许10月以后,局方还会配套发布相关的具体评估、审定程序。”

飞机会越来越“智慧”

霍尼韦尔航空航天集团亚太区空管与互联业务总监那保罗向记者介绍,欧美国家开放飞机的“手机禁令”经历了漫长的过程。1958年,美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)发现频率调制的无线接收机可能对飞机的导航系统造成干扰,因此最初所有电子产品,甚至电子词典,在飞机上都是被禁止使用的。1991年,美国联邦通信委员会(FCC)认为飞机上使用手机的信号会被地面许多基站收到,对地面网络会造成干扰,也明确了机上手机禁令要求。当时手机频率多为800MHz和900MHz,机载设备专家认为的确有潜在的重叠。然而截至目前,没有发生任何一起因为使用手机造成飞机通讯、导航干扰的案例。

随着Wi-Fi和移动电子设备的普遍应用,各类无线通信技术发展越来越快,同时,飞机制造中也越来越多地考虑如何抵御手机等设备的干扰影响。现在大部分人使用的手机是3G和4G信号(工作频率为3GHz和4GHz),完全不影响飞机通讯的VHF频率和VOR信标。因此,手机禁令开始逐步松绑。2013年10月31日,FAA正式宣布取消机上使用手机禁令。随后新加坡、澳大利亚、巴西等国航空管理当局陆续也放开了手机禁令。目前的开放也是有条件的,那就是在飞机飞行过程中只能用“飞行模式”,而不能打语音电话,而且一些航空公司要求在起飞和降落阶段不可以使用手机。

在那保罗眼里,中国民航多年来维持着非常良好的安全记录,这与民航局和各相关监管方对航空运输安全的重视密不可分。中国在机上Wi-Fi的布局上虽然起步较晚,但网络和移动互联网设备已经成为他们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。从长远看,机上Wi-Fi惠及的不只是乘客与航空公司,它甚至可能是民航业的一次重要机遇,有望撬动行业数据处理与信息共享方面的改进——要知道,一架现代飞机每小时能够产生约20TB的数据,而目前绝大部分数据没有得到有效利用。未来航空系统里,稳定且高速的机上网络将有助于接入、处理、共享以最大化利用这些数据和信息,让飞机真的“智慧”起来。

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