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杨振宁回国养老享福?中科院院士:他回国做5项贡献
2017-09-19 17:22:00 中国青年网
![](http://img3.utuku.china.com/600x0/news/20170919/c0ba9c06-2e20-4a89-9cc9-8a2186378510.jpg)
图2 2017年9月14日,杨振宁先生参观上海软X射线自由电子激光装置。
2 老骥伏枥的物理学家
杨振宁先生90岁生日时,清华大学送他的礼物是一块黑色的立方体(图3),上面刻有杨先生最喜欢的杜甫名句——“文章千古事、得失寸心知”,四个侧面分别是他在场论、粒子物理、统计物理和凝聚态物理这四个领域的13项重大贡献。这些贡献都是他在回归以前做出的。定居清华园时杨先生已年过八旬,但他还是倾力而为,拼搏在研究第一线。图4是他回归后发表的、以清华大学为作者单位的27篇SCI收录的文章目录。这些文章可以分为两类,一类是纯物理研究文章,一类是有关物理学史、物理学概念诠释的研究文章。此外,他还出版了两本著作和一大批中文学术论文。
![](http://img0.utuku.china.com/600x0/news/20170919/981c56f6-490b-462c-976c-d31d7e19cfe2.jpg)
图3 清华大学赠送杨振宁先生的90岁生日礼物。
图4 杨振宁先生回国后发表的27篇文章目录。
对于物理研究选题,杨先生根据自己的经验提出了两条原则:“要找与现象有直接简单关系的题目,或与物理基本结构有直接简单关系的题目”“把问题扩大往往会引导出好的新发展方向”。这两条原则对于研究生和研究工作者选题具有很好的指导意义。耄耋之年的杨振宁仍然依循这个“直接简单关系”的原则,来决定自己的研究题目。回到清华后,他的物理学研究主要在统计物理领域进行,这一方面是因为统计物理始终是他最喜欢的一个领域,与他对数学之美的欣赏和对物理之美的追求相洽;另一方面的原因是进入本世纪后,随着激光冷却技术的进展,冷原子物理学成为物理学研究的一个最活跃的重要前沿,而杨先生早先在统计物理上的一些重要理论预言得到了实验证实,而有实验配合,理论研究当然更有动力。杨先生回归后的统计物理研究是在两个物理结构直接简单的理想化模型上开展的:稀薄玻色硬球系统和一维具有δ函数排斥作用的多粒子系统(属于他的13项物理学重大贡献中的2项)。1950年代中期,出于对液氦超流的兴趣,杨振宁与合作者完成了一系列关于稀薄硬球玻色子多体系统的论文。他们分别用双碰撞方法和赝势法得到了相同的基态能量,其中最令人惊讶的是著名的基态能量修正与密度的平方根成正比的修正项,即
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