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杨振宁回国养老享福?中科院院士:他回国做5项贡献
2017-09-19 17:22:00 中国青年网
杨先生对改变清华物理系的面貌起了关键性的作用。2002年6月,时任校长王大中聘请杨振宁、沈元壤、沈志勋、沈平4位先生组成国际评审委员会,对清华大学物理系开展清华历史上第一次对一个院系的国际评估。评审委员会的“三沈一杨”4位先生花了整整2天时间,听取了各研究组的综合报告;参观了多个实验室;与校系领导、教授、院士等深入交换意见;还分别与青年教师、学生、实验员、行政人员、系务委员会成员、教学委员会成员等座谈。事后,评审委员经过多次认真商讨后,向学校递交了评估报告。国际评估报告在学校引起了很大振动,校领导要求物理系成立专门小组讨论落实评估报告的建议。我当时是高等研究中心教授,正是在落实评估报告的讨论中开始涉足物理系的事务。2003年担任物理系系主任后,我要求向全系教师公开这份评估报告,引起了系内许多讨论以至争论,因为许多人从没见过一份评估报告如此尖锐地指出存在的问题,如此明确地指明发展方向。有的老师觉得报告太敏感,不能公开;但我认为这对清华物理系的未来至关重要,最后还是向全系公开了。报告中最重要的是对清华物理系的发展方向给出了明确的指导意见:第一,“系内实验科研亟待加强”;第二,“同意选择凝聚态物理为优势学科。目前系内这方面的实验科研力量极为薄弱。纳米材料生长、超导应用等的工作多属化学、材料、工程类,物性研究的成分很少。物理系应在物性研究上推广层面,包括更多不同的凝聚态物理领域,促进理论和实验的合作交流”“高能物理与核物理的发展前途困难极多,此二领域不宜增聘工作人员”;第三,“校方应创造一个以教学为荣的环境。明确教学依然是一个大学的最重要的任务,即使是在强调科研的今天仍应如此”“要求正常情况下每位教授都必须每学期授课,促使教研合一。鼓励科研出色的教授讲授基础课。明确规定教学工作是考核的重要一部份”。这三点对清华物理系之后的发展是纲领性的,对学科布局调整和发展重点的确立起了关键作用。
2013年,薛其坤研究组实验发现了量子反常霍尔效应。我认为没有杨先生就没有这项成果。一方面,杨先生把张首晟请到高等研究中心做客座教授,张首晟指引祁晓亮、刘朝星这些优秀的博士研究生进入到拓扑绝缘体领域,而祁晓亮和刘朝星及合作者则在国际上最早在理论上预言了实验观测量子反常霍尔效应的机理和实际的材料体系。另一方面,薛其坤2005年到清华工作,是杨先生等在关于清华物理系应重点发展实验凝聚态物理的指导方针下的产物。正是杨先生,为张首晟和薛其坤之间的合作提供了平台,导致薛其坤研究组实验上观测到了量子反常霍尔效应。杨先生听到这个好消息后,非常高兴,当即要请吃饭,评价为“这是个诺贝尔奖级的成果”。图1 是晚餐后杨先生、薛其坤、王亚愚三人的合影。王亚愚是薛其坤主要合作者之一,从事输运实验。这个例子反映了杨先生作为一位物理学大师和领导人的远见卓识。
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