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论中国特色社会主义的创新发展理念
2017-09-05 14:30:42 中国青年网
总之,中国特色社会主义的创新发展理念,是以习近平同志为核心的党中央以马克思主义为指导,基于我国已有的发展经验,立足于我国经济社会发展的阶段变化和出现的新条件、新问题和新实践,顺应当前世界技术、经济发展形势的新要求,博采西方经济学各学派有关创新的各种观点,继承和丰富马克思主义创新思想,提出的更具有全面性、科学性、人民性的创新发展观。具体而言,中国特色社会主义创新发展理念不同于以往的发展观,具有如下所述的核心动力观、人民本位观和全面系统观三方面内涵,是对发展观的重大突破。
核心动力观:创新是引领发展的第一动力
无论是理论层面还是实践层面,创新对经济社会发展的重要意义已毋庸置疑,世界各国也纷纷出台政策积极推进创新。但是,将创新的意义提高到“创新是引领发展的第一动力”这样的高度,则是独树一帜的。创新是引领发展的第一动力。发展动力决定发展速度、效能、可持续性。对我国这么大体量的经济体来讲,如果动力问题解决不好,要实现经济持续健康发展和“两个翻番”是难以做到的。习近平总书记指出,抓住了创新,就抓住了牵动经济社会发展全局的“牛鼻子”。
把创新作为引领发展的第一动力的核心动力观,是马克思主义政治经济学关于解放和发展社会生产力的思想在中国现有的历史条件和国情下的具体应用和发展。生产力理论是马克思主义理论体系的基石,也是马克思主义政治经济学最基本的内容。社会主义的根本任务是解放和发展生产力,目前我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段,解放和发展生产力仍是建设中国特色社会主义的第一要务。那么,在新的历史条件下,解放和发展生产力的关键在哪里呢?习近平总书记指出:“虽然我国经济总量跃居世界第二,但大而不强、臃肿虚胖体弱问题相当突出,主要体现在创新能力不强,这是我国这个经济大块头的‘阿喀琉斯之踵’。通过创新引领和驱动发展已经成为我国发展的迫切要求。所以,我反复强调,抓创新就是抓发展,谋创新就是谋未来。”之所以说通过创新引领和驱动发展已成为我国发展的迫切要求,具体而言至少有以下两方面的原因:
一方面,从国内看,突破经济发展瓶颈,解决深层次矛盾和问题要依靠创新。改革开放以来,我国经济的持续高速增长主要得益于抓住全球产业转移的趋势,充分发挥了我国劳动力资源丰富的比较优势。但是,近年来随着人口红利消退、工资水平上涨,我国基于低成本形成的国际竞争力被削弱,建立在初级生产要素基础上的旧动能渐趋耗尽,依靠劳动力、资源、土地投入的传统发展方式已难以为继。要化解经济发展中的瓶颈和深层次矛盾,实现经济增长方式的转型和经济社会持续健康发展,根本出路在于不断推进科技创新,不断解放和发展社会生产力,不断提高劳动生产率。另一方面,从国际上看,抓住新工业革命带来的赶超机遇需要依靠创新。当前,以大数据、云计算、物联网、机器人、人工智能、虚拟现实、新材料、生物科技等为代表的新技术蓄势待发,重大颠覆性技术不断涌现,将对传统产业的产品、商业模式和业态产生深刻的影响,并催生出许多新的产业领域。世界主要发达国家纷纷出台新的创新战略和政策,加强对人才、专利、标准等战略性资源的争夺,抓紧布局新兴技术,培育新兴产业。新的科技革命和产业变革给后发国家提供了“弯道超车”的机会。对于我国来说,现在科技和经济实力有了大幅度提升,已经具备抓住新一轮工业革命和产业变革机遇的条件,我国比历史上任何时期都更接近实现“两个一百年”和中华民族伟大复兴的目标,必须通过创新驱动抓住这个千载难逢的历史机遇。
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