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只为途中与你相遇——随青藏高原科考队追寻“神山圣湖”间的野生动物

2017-09-03 17:05:49   中国青年网

【岩羊:穿梭悬崖的“攀岩高手”】

岩羊是攀岩高手,可以在悬崖峭壁上自由跳跃。加之其警觉性高,难以接近,被称为“岩壁上的精灵”,就连凶猛而迅捷的雪豹也常对其束手无策。

但是,一到雪霁天晴,便是岩羊最危险的时候。阳光照在雪地上十分耀眼,岩羊眼角膜容易被灼伤。患上雪盲症的岩羊看不见任何东西,常会跌落悬崖毙命。这种死法,简直毁了一世英名。

【高原鼠兔:有洁癖的“疾控专家”】

高原鼠兔是一种形似老鼠的兔。它古灵精怪,被称为“草原精灵”。在动物界中,高原鼠兔的洁癖是出了名的。它们所居洞穴厕所和卧室严格分开,会在距离洞口几十厘米处专门挖出小凹坑,用于排泄大小便;而在洞道深处,会有一个干净舒适的主巢——那是它们越过长冬和繁育后代的场所,里面铺垫着柔软的细草。

更令人赞叹的是,当疫病流行时,一些聪明的高原鼠兔还会采集艾菊、龙胆、茵陈蒿、黄芪等有驱毒效果的药材叼入洞中,预防疾病与寄生虫。

【野牦牛:“抢亲”“入赘”的山大王】

野牦牛是家牦牛的祖先,成熟个体体重可达1000公斤,身体呈黑褐色,体侧下方和腿部有浓密的长毛,适于严寒环境中生活。

每年发情时,总有雄性野牦牛毫无顾忌地冲入牧民的牦牛群中,家养的公牦牛毫无招架之力,敢怒而不敢言;而母牦牛则像遇见“男神”,心甘情愿以身相许。一头雄性野牦牛,最多能“拐走”几十头雌性家牦牛做“压寨夫人”。更有甚者,进了家牦牛群就赖着不走了,令人啼笑皆非。

【西藏棕熊:爱搞破坏的“熊孩子”】

西藏棕熊是青藏高原特有物种,成年棕熊体长2米左右,体重可达数百公斤。它们是青藏高原上名副其实的“巨无霸”,也是让牧民头疼不已的“熊孩子”。

在大自然中觅食是个苦差事,西藏棕熊经常犯懒,伺机到牧民家里搜罗食物。家里没人时,它们就破门越窗而入。先把酥油、酸奶、奶渣等吃个够,吃不了再兜着走。它们喜欢喝菜籽油,只要发现,一定喝到难舍最后一滴。有的“熊孩子”吃饱了还要祸害一番:把油、奶与糌粑倒在一起搅和,有时还要撒泡尿。

【藏原羚:高原上奔跑的“爱心”】

藏原羚不但“颜值”高,“臀值”也很高。它们都有一块较大的白色心形臀斑,奔跑时像一颗移动的爱心。藏原羚的背影因而就像被点了赞。

专家说,雌雄藏原羚都有同样的白色臀斑,这颗“爱心”不是用来向异性示爱的,真正作用是配合黑色尾巴在同伴间传递信息。

连新明说,随着近年来生态环境保护力度不断加大,青藏高原野生动物种群数量极大回升。各类动物和谐共生的景象,已成为这片高原净土特有的美景。此次科考对野生动物的考察,就是要对这些高原“居民”进行一次普查,帮助它们长久地幸福安居。

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