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都说垃圾分类是好事,可参与度为何一直不高

2017-09-03 09:50:51   新华网

  不会区分垃圾,直接导致参与度低

依据《生活垃圾分类制度实施方案》,垃圾分为三类。第一类是有害垃圾,包括废电池(镉镍电池、氧化汞电池、铅蓄电池等),废荧光灯管(日光灯管、节能灯等),废温度计,废血压计,废药品及其包装物,废油漆、溶剂及其包装物,废杀虫剂、消毒剂及其包装物,废胶片及废相纸等;第二类是易腐垃圾,包括食堂、宾馆、饭店等产生的餐厨垃圾,农贸市场、农产品批发市场产生的蔬菜瓜果垃圾、腐肉、肉碎骨、蛋壳、畜禽产品内脏等;第三类是可回收物,包括废纸、废塑料、废金属、废包装物、废旧纺织物、废弃电器电子产品、废玻璃、废纸塑铝复合包装等。

应该说,《方案》对垃圾如何分类的描述是很清晰的。可还是有不少人“傻傻分不清”。数据显示,有超半数达51.8%的受访者认为“太复杂了,头晕”。至于原因,有认为“宣传不够广泛的”;也有认为“只重宣传,不重视具体的讲解与实演,社区在这方面工作不够”;还有人觉得“有些垃圾难以界定到底属于哪一类”……

调查列举了几类常见垃圾,请受访者选出有害垃圾。列出的选项有:废电池、废塑料、过期药品、废弃油漆桶、废弃灯管、玻璃瓶六项,依据《方案》,这六项中,除了玻璃瓶属于第三类可回收物,其余均为有害垃圾。可结果显示,选择准确率并不高。即便是废电池,选择正确的也只有91.2%;而对废塑料、过期药品、废弃油漆桶和废弃灯管,准确认定其是有害垃圾的受访者比例分别为54.7%、69.9%、71.9%和63.2%; 对于可回收的玻璃瓶,依然有23.8%的受访者将其划归有害垃圾行列。

不会区分垃圾,成了垃圾分类难以推广的重要制约因素之一。

  “加大宣传力度”是首要措施

管理部门该从哪些方面入手来提高分类的普及率和参与度呢?超过6成受访者表示,应该进一步加大宣传力度。受访者也提出一些积极建议,比如:要有明确的奖惩制度;更科学合理地设置垃圾回收的布点; 用制度保证垃圾处理的每个环节配套衔接; 也有不少人认为应该要求企事业单位率先做出表率,对垃圾进行严格分类。据了解,上海从今年起已全面实行单位生活垃圾的强制分类制度,要求实行垃圾分类投放、收集和源头管理。实施范围一是公共机构,二是企事业单位,包括党政机关、学校、医院、科研等各类事业单位;车站、机场、公共体育场馆、文艺演出场馆等各公共场所管理单位;宾馆、饭店、商场、超市、商用写字楼管理企业以及快递企业、食品加工等各类企业。

至于为促进垃圾分类而建立的“绿色账户”,受访者中认为“挺好的”有30.2%;认为“奖励力度不够影响积极性”的占27.8%;认为“没什么约束机制相配套”的占17.9%;认为“积分兑换不够方便,可兑换品种不多”的占10.0%;认为“主要是网上兑付,老年人不太会使用”的占27.8%。

调查中,也有受访者表示:“绿色账户”固然有一定激励作用,但要把垃圾分类真正落到实处,还是需要每个人将其化为自觉自主行动,真正从环境保护和可持续发展高度来对待垃圾问题,由此,垃圾分类工程才能有长足的进步。

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