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(受权发布)习近平:在深度贫困地区脱贫攻坚座谈会上的讲话

2017-08-31 22:55:55   央广网

在深度贫困成因中,需要特别关注因病致贫问题。我看了2017年6月5日《人民日报》刊登的在内蒙古杭锦旗巴拉贡镇昌汉白村精准扶贫驻村调研形成的《驻村三记》,在“他们为什么贫困”一记中该记者写到:在我走访的贫困户中,几乎每家都有病人,昌汉白村因病致贫率超过八成。前天下午,我在岢岚县赵家洼村看望的刘福有一家,全家3口人,也个个有病,收入的大部分用来看病吃药。因病致贫、因病返贫不是个别现象,带有一定普遍性。

党的十八大以来,我们在全面推进脱贫攻坚的同时,加大对深度贫困地区的支持。对西藏和四省藏区、南疆四地州和四川凉山、云南怒江、甘肃临夏等地区,出台了专门的支持文件。对居住在生存条件恶劣、生态环境脆弱、自然灾害频发等“一方水土养活不了一方人”地区的贫困群众,大力度实施易地搬迁工程。探索资产收益扶贫方式,财政专项扶贫资金和其他涉农资金投入设施农业、养殖、光伏、水电、乡村旅游等项目形成的资产,具备条件的折股量化给贫困村和贫困户。在具备光热条件的地方实施光伏扶贫,建设村级光伏电站,通过收益形成村集体经济,开展公益岗位扶贫、小型公益事业扶贫、奖励补助扶贫。这些都是解决深度贫困的好办法。

各地也进行了积极探索,积累了很好的实践成果和经验。山西联动实施退耕还林、荒山绿化、森林管护、经济林提质增效、特色林产业五大项目,通过组建造林合作社等,帮助深度贫困县贫困人口脱贫。四川针对大小凉山彝区、川西北高原藏区整体深度贫困地区,制定了大小凉山彝区扶贫规划和方案、藏区六项民生工程行动计划、阿坝州扶贫开发和综合防治大骨节病方案,推进彝家新寨、藏区新居、乌蒙新村、扶贫新村建设。云南对人口较少民族、“直过”民族采取特殊扶持政策,取得明显效果,独龙族群众在打通进山隧道后高兴地给我写信。湖南针对湘西州深度贫困问题统筹推进产业、就业、易地搬迁、生态补偿、教育、社会保障等“十项工程”。

改革开放近40年来,我们实现了大规模减贫,也创造了集中连片深度贫困地区、贫困县、贫困村脱贫的成功经验。1982年开始的三西地区扶贫开创我国有组织、有计划、大规模减贫行动之先河。这个历史上被左宗棠称为“苦瘠甲天下”、改革开放之初被外国专家认为“不具备人类生存基本条件”的地区,经过30多年开发式扶贫,发生了翻天覆地的变化。贵州毕节市也是全国最贫困的片区之一,1988年建立扶贫开发和生态建设试验区,现在人民生活从普遍贫困跨越到基本小康。我在宁德工作时,把“摆脱贫困”作为工作主线,提倡“滴水穿石”的闽东精神,树立“弱鸟先飞”的追赶意识。宁德经过长期努力,解决了区域性整体贫困问题。江西井冈山、河南兰考是已经摘帽的两个贫困县。2013年我到过的湖南湘西州十八洞村,3年多时间摘掉了贫穷帽子,实现了全部脱贫,当年的40个光棍已有一半成了家,而且新娘都是外村人。

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