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(受权发布)习近平:在深度贫困地区脱贫攻坚座谈会上的讲话

2017-08-31 22:55:55   央广网

我国贫困问题具有区域性特征。1986年启动国家大规模减贫计划时,就划定过18个集中连片贫困地区,我当时工作的宁德地区就属于18片中的闽东北地区。那时,即使东部地区也还有许多群众生活非常困难。经过30多年持续努力,当年的贫困地区大部分已经改变面貌,群众生活也得到明显改善。

同时,我们必须看到,我国脱贫攻坚面临的任务仍然十分艰巨。从总量上看,2016年底,全国农村贫困人口还有4300多万人。如期实现脱贫攻坚目标,平均每年需要减少贫困人口近1100万人,越往后脱贫成本越高、难度越大。从结构上看,现有贫困大都是自然条件差、经济基础弱、贫困程度深的地区和群众,是越来越难啃的硬骨头。在群体分布上,主要是残疾人、孤寡老人、长期患病者等“无业可扶、无力脱贫”的贫困人口以及部分教育文化水平低、缺乏技能的贫困群众。在脱贫目标上,实现不愁吃、不愁穿“两不愁”相对容易,实现保障义务教育、基本医疗、住房安全“三保障”难度较大。

现在看,脱贫攻坚的主要难点是深度贫困。主要难在以下几种地区:一是连片的深度贫困地区,西藏和四省藏区、南疆四地州、四川凉山、云南怒江、甘肃临夏等地区,生存环境恶劣,致贫原因复杂,基础设施和公共服务缺口大,贫困发生率普遍在20%左右。二是深度贫困县,据国务院扶贫办对全国最困难的20%的贫困县所做的分析,贫困发生率平均在23%,县均贫困人口近3万人,分布在14个省区。三是贫困村,全国12.8万个建档立卡贫困村居住着60%的贫困人口,基础设施和公共服务严重滞后,村两委班子能力普遍不强,四分之三的村无合作经济组织,三分之二的村无集体经济,无人管事、无人干事、无钱办事现象突出。

根据河北省的调查,深度贫困的特征可以概括为“两高、一低、一差、三重”。“两高”即贫困人口占比高、贫困发生率高。深度贫困县贫困人口占全省贫困人口总数22%以上;深度贫困县贫困发生率在15%以上,高于全省贫困县平均水平近9个百分点;深度贫困村贫困发生率接近35%,高于全省贫困村平均水平近24个百分点。“一低”即人均可支配收入低。深度贫困县人均国内生产总值21650元,人均公共财政预算收入1386元,农民人均可支配收入5928元,分别只有全省平均水平的50.7%、36.2%、49.7%。“一差”即基础设施和住房差。深度贫困县的贫困村中,村内道路、入户路、危房需要维修和重建。“三重”即低保五保贫困人口脱贫任务重、因病致贫返贫人口脱贫任务重、贫困老人脱贫任务重。深度贫困县贫困人口中低保、五保贫困户占比高达近60%,因病致贫、患慢性病、患大病、因残致贫占比达80%以上,60岁以上贫困人口占比超过45%。

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