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因何致残?如何预防?怎样康复?——“消除生命缺憾”还需筑牢三道防线

2017-08-24 18:16:12   新华网

我国历来重视残疾预防工作,不断筑牢三道防线,大力加强优生优育、儿童计划免疫、传染病防治等医疗卫生工作,显著减少了先天遗传疾病、传染性疾病、营养不良、药物中毒等造成的残疾。

小儿麻痹症曾是造成肢体残疾的重要因素。1965年,我国儿麻发病率高达4.06/10万人。通过全面普及脊髓灰质炎疫苗常规免疫接种,2001年我国已基本消灭脊髓灰质炎。通过规范耳毒性药物使用,实施食盐加碘,加强妇幼保健、耳病防治等工作,我国儿童听力残疾、智力残疾现患率显著下降。通过将白内障复明手术纳入重大公共卫生服务项目,实施白内障复明工程等,相当于每年减少近百万名视力障碍患者或视力残疾人

不可否认,我国在残疾预防方面还存在预防措施不完善,专业服务能力、科技创新能力不强等问题。尤其近年来,我国精神障碍患者呈不断增加趋势,但精神科医生匮乏,每十万人口仅有精神科医生1.49名,许多精神障碍患者得不到及时、规范的治疗。

  康复服务能力将得到有效提升

自1988年起,残疾人康复工作开始纳入我国国民经济和社会发展规划,连续制定实施了5个残疾人事业五年发展规划和配套康复工作实施方案。截至2015年底,我国为2797万残疾人提供基本康复服务,显著改善了我国残疾人康复服务状况。

残疾人康复服务机构、人才队伍、保障制度等建设也取得长足进步,全国残疾人康复专业机构发展到7000余家,康复机构在岗人员23万余人,2000多个县(市、区)开展了社区康复工作。

但从总体上看,我国残疾人康复服务总体能力较弱,服务水平不高,残疾人的康复状况仍面临诸多问题和挑战。残疾人康复工作机制有待完善,尚未充分纳入基本公共服务特别是医疗卫生工作大局;残疾人保障制度还不健全,还缺乏有针对性的兜底保障政策;康复专业人才队伍总体数量不足、质量不高、职业发展环境不理想;康复科技创新能力不足,社会力量办康复的潜力尚未得到充分发挥。

中国残联相关负责人表示,《残疾预防与残疾人康复条例》的实施将进一步加大对残疾人康复服务的保障和对相关事业的扶持力度。根据条例要求,各级政府应当将残疾人纳入基本医疗保障范围,对困难残疾人给予补贴和救助;国家建立残疾儿童康复救助制度,完善重度残疾人护理补贴制度,通过实施重点康复项目为城乡贫困残疾人、重度残疾人提供基本康复服务;工伤保险基金、残疾人就业保障金等按照国家有关规定可用于残疾人康复。

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