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慰安妇题材纪录片《二十二》导演郭柯:感受沉重的历史,抚慰受伤的心灵

2017-08-15 21:01:47   中国青年网

第一次去看韦绍兰的时候,她住的地方家徒四壁,我给了她五百块钱,当时我们是4个人去看她。第二天去跟她告别的时候,她让我坐在她身边,她从衣服里掏出来4个红包,说你们4个是一起来的,要过年了,你们拿着回去给家人买点东西吃。我打开时发现,每一个红包里都有100块钱,我当时就控制不住自己的情绪了。她住的环境那么差,她是那么娇小苍老,可是她却这样考虑事情。

“这是一段疼痛的历史”

记者:在拍摄《二十二》时,您觉得最困难的是什么?是跟老人的生命赛跑,还是资金问题,或者其他?

郭柯:都不是。我觉得最困难的是,我们的团队该以什么身份去面对她们,包括怎么去提问,怎么跟她们相处。最难的是放下这些东西,去肯定老人,去做一些看似非常无聊的事情。我们每天陪着她聊天,看看她扫地,去拍一些她的日常。对拍戏的来说,这些完全不可想象——这是在干嘛呢?但是,我们就是这样做的。

豆瓣的影片简介中这样写道:“慰安妇”这三个字,曾被多少中国人在心里披上“中国耻辱”的外衣。多少人想揭,却不敢活生生地揭开;多少人想拍,又怕打扰到她们的生活。这是一段疼痛的历史。

“《二十二》想做的是要把她们还原为一个个普通人”

记者:担心被公众指责消费老人吗?

郭柯:她们一直被称之为“慰安妇”,但这样的称呼也是被迫的,如果不是为了帮她们争取权益,或许根本不愿接受这样的称呼。

真正接触到老人后,眼前的老人都是活生生的人,她们和我们的奶奶、家中老人没什么两样。她们也知道我们为什么拍,过程中我们最注重的就是对方的感受,比如聊天的地方都在她们床边,给她们安全感,或者是她们家人外出的时候,尽量考虑对方的感受,就像听奶奶讲故事一样,她们也会想要告诉你。至于我个人来说,就会延续这段缘分,每年去看她们,去陪陪她们。

记者:《二十二》中,您感觉最成功或者自己最满意的一点是什么?

郭柯:社会看待“慰安妇”这一特殊群体的视角往往是以“历史证据”为主,或给予“同情怜悯”,而缺乏对她们生活的真正关切。《二十二》想做的是要把她们还原为一个个普通人,像对待亲人一样敞开怀抱去拥抱她们。

比故事更重要的是情感。当你用导演和演员的身份去丈量彼此,用一些拍摄技法去要求她们,其实是对她们的一种不尊重。纪录片的表现手法相比于史料文献来说,更能让观众直观地体会到这段历史的沉重。

相信我在若干年后都不会后悔,在我30岁的时候我遇到了这个群体,我没有用很功利的心态去面对她们,我用一种非常尊重的方式走近了她们。

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