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大学城不是一天建成 深圳能否“山寨”出斯坦福?

2017-08-11 14:31:42   央广网

当时,刚成立没几年的深圳大学全日制学生的规模才不过几千人,但其下属的成人教育学院却有数万名学生。“那时候,深圳可以说是全民上夜校,这成了当地的一大风景。一到晚上,在公共汽车上都能看到人们在捧着书看。”

到了上世纪90年代,经济改革在全国全面铺开,特区当年享受的很多优惠政策已经变成普惠政策。在经济上,深圳面临着被苏州超越的可能,城市的吸引力也在下降。吴惠琼们发现,原先,有很多北京、上海名牌大学的毕业生都愿意来深圳工作,但到了1990年代末期,京沪来深的大学毕业生数量明显下降。深圳的发展如何突破瓶颈?深圳人陷入了迷茫。

那时候,一篇题为《深圳,你被谁抛弃?》的万字网文,将深圳人的焦虑心态展现得淋漓尽致。在2000年左右,深圳找到了一条突围之路,就是科技转型,这就意味着要大力发展高等教育。

吴惠琼解释说,如果自己从零开始办大学,根据国家规定,不能直接办本科,而只能从专科院校起步。算起来,即使一切顺利的话,最快也要28年才能办一所拥有博士学位授予权的一本院校。“28年太长了。当时深圳自己都没有28岁。”吴惠琼说,于是,深圳就产生了一个想法,可不可以请国内其他地方的高校来深圳办学?此时,正好清华大学校长王大中来访,双方一拍即合,并于2000年10月签署了合作创建清华大学深圳研究生院的协议书。

之所以从研究生院起步,深圳有自己的小算盘:本科生的重点在教学,而研究生阶段更多偏重于科研。深圳当时最急需的是高端人才与原创性的科研成果,这些通过办研究生院就可以获得。而且,当时通过调研发现,办本科难度较大。在全国范围内,本科教育的异地办学,大部分都是失败的。

清华与深圳合作的消息传出后,国内很多高校都闻风而动,希望来深办学。但深圳经过考虑,认为应当引进国内最好的大学。就这样,继清华之后,北京大学、哈尔滨工业大学也紧接着与深圳签约合作办学。

与国内很多大学城的建设都是靠大学负债经营不同,容纳了上述三所大学研究生院的深圳大学城,是深圳市政府的“交钥匙工程”,即由深圳出钱、出力负责建设,学校只需“拎包入住”。2003年,位于深圳市南山区的西丽大学城建成投入使用。

在教育部国家教育发展研究中心高等教育研究室主任马陆亭看来,中国经济最发达、最开放的城市,与全国最好的大学合作办学,是一项创举。清华大学和北京大学等国内一流大学研究生院进驻深圳,本身就是一个不可估量的金字招牌,在全国是独一无二的,也是不可复制的。这种结果,也使得深圳大学城明显有别于国内其他城市纷纷兴建的大学城。

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