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坚持好完善好落实好民族区域自治制度

2017-08-08 10:20:07   新华网

实行民族区域自治,是我们党对任何形式民族自决的摒弃。我们党深刻认识到民族自决可能导致的分裂危险。1946年2月,党中央明确指示:内蒙古工作,根据和平建国纲领中关于民族平等自治的要求,不应提独立自决口号。后来在起草共同纲领和1954年宪法的过程中,毛泽东同志、周恩来同志一再告诫,苏联加盟共和国或自治共和国模式不适合中国国情,也不利于防止外部势力利用民族问题挑拨离间。从民族区域自治提出、确定的过程可以看出,我们党对基于民族自决的苏联模式的摒弃是高度自觉的。因此,有人说民族区域自治是照搬苏联模式,这是“张冠李戴了”。揆诸历史和现实,可以清醒地看到,对任何形式民族自决的否定,是我国民族区域自治重要的内在属性,有利于巩固少数民族聚居区域与祖国领土的不可分割性、各民族与中华民族的不可分割性,体现了我们党老一辈革命家的远见卓识和政治智慧。

总的来看,实行民族区域自治,发源于马克思主义民族理论,根植于中国传统政治文明,立足于我国基本国情,是尊重历史、合乎国情、顺应民心的正确抉择,是我们党经过长期探索、反复比较而作出的伟大创举。环顾当今世界,许多国家在处理民族问题时仍处于左右徘徊之中。比如,有的实施“大熔炉”政策,试图推进民族同化;有的实施“马赛克”政策,放任不同社区异质性增强。习近平同志指出,同世界上其他国家相比,我国民族工作做得都是最成功的。我们要增强中国特色解决民族问题的道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信,毫不动摇地坚持和完善民族区域自治制度,不断为解决世界民族问题提供中国方案、贡献中国智慧。

民族区域自治在实践中积累了宝贵经验

继内蒙古自治区之后,我国先后又成立了新疆、广西、宁夏、西藏4个自治区,以及30个自治州和120个自治县,使民族自治地方面积达到全国国土总面积的64%。70年来,我们党全面正确实行民族区域自治,国家大力支持民族自治地方行使自治权,推动我国少数民族、民族地区、民族关系的面貌实现了翻天覆地变化,积累了许多宝贵经验。

必须始终坚持中国共产党的领导。这是正确实行民族区域自治的根本政治保证。所有民族自治地方,都是党领导下的地方。对于我们这样一个多民族的国家来说,要想实现团结统一,没有坚强有力的政治领导是不可想象的。乌兰夫同志曾总结说:“是党把蒙古民族和内蒙古地区的各族人民从水深火热中解救出来,是在党的领导下建立了内蒙古自治区,是党领导我们在建设社会主义的新内蒙古的斗争中取得了一个又一个的胜利。”历史和实践一再证明,只要我们牢牢坚持党的领导,就没有任何人任何政治势力能够挑拨我们的民族关系,我们的民族团结统一在政治上就有充分保障;只有坚持党的集中统一领导,才能实现各族人民共同当家作主,促进各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展。长期以来,我们党在民族自治地方建立了覆盖各个层级、规模庞大的党组织,并不断强化地方各级党委在思想上、政治上、组织上的领导,发挥好各级党组织的战斗堡垒作用。同时,培养了一大批政治上靠得住、工作上有本事、作风上过得硬的好干部,使广大党员干部成为各行各业、各个领域的主心骨、顶梁柱。特别是建设了一支跟党走、留得住,善于干事创业、关键时刻用得上的少数民族干部队伍,使党联系各族群众有了更为牢固的桥梁纽带。这些都巩固和加强了党对民族自治地方的领导,确保了民族自治地方社会稳定、长治久安。

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