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塞罕坝的蓝色梦想和愿景

2017-08-06 10:05:26   新华网

塞罕坝机械林场场部驱车向东北方向驶去,进入红松洼自然保护区。在一整片低矮的樟子松林中,远远就能望见一棵落叶松兀自挺立。

20多米高,枝杈密布,主干粗壮,两个人才能合抱起来,树龄已超过200岁。不知谁悄悄用红布把树干围了起来,树枝上还系着一条条五彩绳,随风飘动。

“我们叫它功勋树。没有这棵树就没有今天的塞罕坝。”林场党委办公室主任赵云国说。

时间回到上世纪60年代初,北京被几大风沙区包围,来自不同方向的“灌沙”让首都上空常常灰黄一片。正值国民经济困难时期,国家仍咬紧牙关,下定决心建一座大型国有林场,恢复植被,阻断风沙。

此前当地曾搞了多个小型林场,不但树没种活,人都快活不下去了,只好匆匆下马。

塞罕坝还能不能种树?种什么树?人们疑虑重重。

1961年,时任林业部国营林场管理总局副局长刘琨临危受命,带着6位专家登上塞罕坝。10月,他们先是在亮兵台和石庙子一带石崖下,发现被火烧过的黑黢黢的树根。反复辨认,确定是落叶松。

在凛冽寒风中行进到第三天,不知谁喊了一句:“你们看!”大伙儿的眼睛瞬间都亮了:渺无人烟的荒漠深处,一棵落叶松迎风屹立。

一群人扑上去抱住树,含着眼泪大喊:“塞罕坝能种树,能种出大树。我们要在它周围建起一片大森林、大林海!”此后55年的时间,三代人的青春和岁月奉献在了这里,眼看着河口由黄变绿、伴随着树苗从小到壮、见证着树木从“林”到“海”。

“塞罕坝处于森林、草原和沙漠过渡地带,三种生态景观历史上互有进退,是全国造林条件最艰苦的地区之一。”中国工程院院士、森林培育专家沈国舫感叹。

但塞罕坝交出的成绩单却令人惊讶:林场的有林地面积,由建场前的24万亩增加到目前的112万亩,森林覆盖率由12%提高到80%。百万亩林海已发挥出巨大生态效益,有效阻挡了浑善达克沙地风沙南侵。

  从造青山到保育生态

站在林场的高点,朝远处望去,林海高低起伏,望不到边际。

如今,塞罕坝几乎已经无林可造,林场的规模接近饱和,在攻坚造林完成以后,森林的覆盖率将达到86%。

“能种的地我们都给栽上了。”塞罕坝林场场长刘海莹说,虽然造林的数量满了,但是从树林的蓄积量、质量上还有提升空间。

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