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世界首只基因编辑克隆犬诞生 定制宠物或实现

2017-07-08 18:51:31   

封面新闻记者查阅资料时发现,2015年4月21日,黄禹锡教授曾受邀访问中国农大动物医院。钟友刚正是负责接待的中方人士之一。当天,双方就克隆犬等方面达成了初步合作意向。

2017年5月28日,比格犬“龙龙”在北京西北郊的昌平科技园区出生。“龙龙的诞生意味着我国成为继韩国之后,第二个独立掌握犬体细胞克隆技术的国家。”钟友刚说。

克隆犬需要哪些步骤

未来将推动宠物犬商业克隆?

克隆犬需要哪些步骤?“龙龙”的诞生地——北京希诺谷生物科技有限公司常务副总经理赵建平解答了记者疑问。他表示,克隆犬的制备包含多个技术环节。首先从需要克隆的犬取一小块皮肤组织,建立体细胞系。然后将成熟的犬卵母细胞的细胞核去除,将犬体细胞通过注射或融合的方式,移植入犬卵母细胞内构建克隆胚胎,克隆胚胎经过激活再移植入代孕母犬体内,代孕母犬经过妊娠获得体细胞克隆犬。

赵建平同时透露,研究团队将继续攻关犬体细胞克隆技术,推动宠物犬的商业克隆。这意味着,将来宠物主可通过存储宠物基因,为宠物未来可能进行干细胞治疗或克隆存储一份希望。

据介绍,早在2006年,韩国Sooam生物技术研究基金会就已推出宠物克隆服务,每只克隆小狗约为10万美元(约合人民币68万元),价格不菲。据公开资料显示,自2006年起,该基金会受个人或国家机构克隆顶级嗅探犬和搜救犬的委托,已克隆了将近800只狗。他们的个人客户也不乏王子、名人和亿万富翁,客户的目的则是克隆自己的宠物狗。

据媒体报道,2015年底,英国一对夫妇的宠物狗——8岁的拳师犬迪兰被确诊脑瘤后去世,夫妇二人难以忍受“丧犬”之痛,远赴韩国对迪兰进行克隆,并最终成功克隆了迪兰,并且是两只。

基因编辑克隆犬

到底是只什么犬?

记者还注意到,“龙龙”不仅是我国首例体细胞克隆犬,还是世界首例基因编辑动脉粥样硬化疾病模型犬“苹果”的体细胞克隆后代。换句话说,“龙龙”是世界首例基因编辑克隆犬。

基因编辑模型犬,这个复杂名词到底是什么意思呢?简单来说,就是通过基因编辑技术,使实验犬出生时即带有某种特定疾病。

2016年12月29日,比格公犬“苹果”在北京由希诺谷培育成功,是世界首例基因编辑疾病模型犬-动脉粥样硬化疾病模型犬。经过基因编辑技术的“苹果”自诞生之初就患有高脂血症,并表现出一些动脉粥样硬化的典型症状,如脂类代谢紊乱、高血脂等。

赵建平进一步解释称,研究人员通过基因编辑技术敲除“苹果”的载脂蛋白E(APOE)基因,使犬血液中的脂类代谢发生紊乱。APOE是血浆脂蛋白的重要组成部分,APOE的低表达或缺失将导致血脂含量的升高,从而诱导动脉粥样硬化疾病。

钟友刚认为,与小鼠等实验动物相比,犬的基因组与人类相似度更高,癌症、心脏病等多种遗传性疾病发病症状与人类极为相似。此外,犬在新陈代谢、生理学、解剖构造等方面都与人有许多相似之处,这些优势是小鼠及其它动物不可替代的,是研究人类许多疾病理想的模式动物。

而“龙龙”作为“苹果”的体细胞克隆后代,同样天生患有高脂血症。“而通过体细胞克隆技术,能一次性培育出一批遗传背景一致、年龄相近的实验犬,便于更有效地筛选出疗效显著的新药。”钟友刚表示。

不过,在制药企业看来并没有这么乐观。“成本是不能忽略的重要因素。”某大型跨国药企药品研发部门一位药理科学家在接受封面新闻采访时表示,小鼠做实验动物廉价、易于繁殖、解剖简单,相比之下用犬类做药物试验的成本高太多,“20只小鼠和20只狗的价格天差地别,更不用说用成本高昂的克隆狗。”

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