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航天科技集团一院长征五号总指挥王珏:(下半年)准备实施的嫦娥五号的发射任务,就是要实现探月工程绕落回第三步的这样一个宏伟目标。那么其次它还要承担我们国家这个大型的载人空间站的发射任务,未来的探火(火星探测)任务的,首次发射任务由它承担。所以可以这么说长征五号的研制成功,将是我们国家后续以及相当长一段时间,一些重大的进入空间的(工程)一个重要的一个支撑。
长五:突破多项难关完成艰难蜕变
长征五号火箭的工程研制历时十年,可谓十年磨一剑,然而王珏却告诉我们,如果算上项目预研和技术攻关,长五的研制工作甚至可以追溯到三十年前。一型新的火箭倾注几代航天人的辛勤付出,正是因为研制难度大。
航天科技集团一院长征五号总指挥王珏:在这个项目立项之初,在确定这个技术方案的时候,我们就确定了12大类,247项关键技术。那么从产品来看,整个的全新研制的新产品,在一发箭里面它的覆盖面达到了92.5%。
不仅新技术的使用量大,每项新技术背后,都是对中国航天技术顶尖水平的考验。长征五号的主体部分,也就是芯一级采用的是液氢和液氧的纯低温推进剂组合,这是提升火箭运载能力的关键之一。但如此大规模使用低温燃料,对中国航天来说是前所未有的。
航天科技集团一院长征五号总指挥王珏:一方面这个发动机要面临着超低温带来的一系列技术问题,就是零下253度,中心区的燃烧温度要达到三千摄氏度以上。第二它的这个整个的工作过程,还面临着高压的,100个大气压以上。发动机里面还面临着高速旋转的技术难题。我们氢氧发动机的转速达到了将近四万转。
为了克服这三大难关,新发动机研制就历时近20年,累计试车超过37000秒,只为了火箭飞行过程中不到3分钟的完美表现。最终,新研制的大推力氢氧发动机,比上一代氢氧发动机推力提高9倍。在研制历程中,研制团队几经挫折,靠的是不服输的坚持。
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