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北京房贷收紧调查:额度紧张 首套多为基准利率

2017-06-18 11:56:46   

不过,与前述国有大行和股份制银行营业网点不同,北京银行滨河路支行的客户经理向记者表示,北京银行首套住房和二套住房,都在基准利率基础上浮10%,而且额度有限。

根据融360数据显示,北京地区5月份首套房平均利率为4.86%。全国5月二套房平均利率为5.40%,较上月上升0.01%。同比去年同期二套房利率5.39%上升0.01%。二套房平均利率稳定,平均水平依旧保持在5.39%-5.40%,部分热点城市二套平均利率超过平均水平,最高达到5.53%。

无米下锅?

从年初到现在,北京的贷款利率都是收紧的趋势。元旦后,北京地区各主要商业银行便逐渐将首套房利率全面调整为9折。从2月份开始,8.5折优惠已彻底消失,而到现在部分银行已经将利率上调到1.1倍。

海通证券宏观债券分析师姜超认为,房贷利率飙升主要是因为“银行无米下锅”。其研究认为,“2016年,由于银行可以在金融市场通过同业存单以2.8%的利率融资,所以在4.9%的贷款基准利率下,即便是房贷利率打8折也有利可图。到了今年1季度同业存单利率升至4.5%,所以银行房贷利率开始打9折、95折以弥补成本上升。但是到了4、5月份以后,银行的同业存单都发不出去了,银行自己都没钱了,拿什么去放房贷呢?”

姜超认为,贷款利率上升,贷款发放收缩,意味着金融去杠杆的影响将从金融市场传导到实体经济。“信贷收缩是下半年最大风险。在17年上半年,虽然经济出现见顶回落迹象,但只是缓慢减速,因为金融去杠杆的影响还只是在金融市场,主要体现为货币和债券利率上升,而商业银行还在扩表,贷款利率和贷款发放还保持稳定。但是随着同业存单发行的萎缩,意味着商业银行开始缩表,贷款利率大幅上升,而贷款的发放也开始收缩,这就意味着金融去杠杆的影响将从金融市场传导到实体经济,而信贷收缩将是下半年经济的最大风险。”

一位股份制银行人士对记者表示,银行房贷利率上升,不只是因为国家房地产宏观调控的因素,可能是因为“银行真的没钱了”。“银行还是比较倾向于把贷款给购房者,因为房贷在银行贷款中属于风险最低的一类,违约率和坏账率都很低,基本属于优质资产。”

上述股份制银行人士认为,金融去杠杆的形势之下,同业存单、委外业务都在收回,加上央行MPA考核,各大银行都在收紧。“房贷上涨最快的,大致也是理财业务和同业存单业务做得比较好的银行。”

姜超认为,目前房贷虽然不低,同比明显萎缩,因此他预测未来房贷增速或将进一步下行。“5月居民部门贷款增加6106亿,其中中长期贷款增加4326亿,增速仍然不低,但同比去年同期下滑了近1000亿,同比降幅创11年1月以来新低,这意味着房贷利率上调对房贷需求的影响正在逐步体现。从6月份以来的信息看,房贷利率依然在继续大幅上浮,一定程度上会抑制贷款需求;此外今年以来监管政策趋严,银行房贷额度受限。所以,预计未来房贷增速或将进一步下行,从而拖累全国层面的房地产销售增速下降。”

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