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韩国要惩治综艺节目抄袭? 节目模式算不算作品

2017-06-06 05:06:09   经济参考报

举例说明较易理解:

浙江卫视的《奔跑吧,兄弟》引进的是韩国SBS的《Running Man》,第一季的授权许可费高达1.8亿元。这1.8亿元购买的节目模式绝不仅仅是一个节目名称、一个“撕名牌”的规则或者一个概念。在购买时,韩国版权方将自己的节目脚本、流程等等进行了全方位的授权,最终呈现的才是一个完整的《奔跑吧,兄弟》节目。

如何判断综艺节目模式是不是作品

从《解答》中对综艺节目模式所做出的定义来看,司法实践中对综艺模式能否构成作品的主要判断方法,依然是“思想-表达”两分法,即受著作权法保护的并非思想,而是体现了该思想的具体的表达。

综艺节目模式在体例上较容易抄袭,理论界也有呼声对综艺节目进行整体上的保护。然而,笔者认为,综艺节目模式,尤其是体现在思想层面的模式不宜作过度保护。原因有二:

第一,从著作权法立法本意来看,保护作者权利和鼓励创作二者缺一不可,过度保护某一概念、某一思想,会对市场造成垄断,且没有哪一思想是独创的,或多或少都借鉴了前人的经验和思想,因此从繁荣文化市场的角度不宜过度保护。

第二,有人担心对模式的保护不全面可能造成抄袭之风严重,从而使观众审美疲劳,最终两败俱伤,损害权利人权益。某一档节目的收视率不仅在于节目模式,与相关的嘉宾、节目主持人等均有不可割裂的关系。观众在某一模式的观看体验中,节目制作人也可以对相关模式进行升级,应当以节目的不断创新、升级抓住观众的眼球,而不是仅凭一种模式的简单沿用。

综艺节目模式引进合同的约定

综艺节目模式的引进通常是以双方签订合同开始,买方在购买版权方的节目模式时应当注意本文上述两点的内容,即购买的不仅仅是节目模式的“思想”范畴,且不应进入公有领域的排除范围内。

一般来说,版权方除了响亮的节目名称外,还应当提供制作内容,包括节目环节的设计、脚本、音乐、流程、道具形式等等多个环节的内容。这样做,一方面是合同金额的对价,另一方面也是保证节目质量的要求。《解答》中也提及了综艺节目模式引进合同的性质——涉及著作权许可、技术服务等多项内容,其性质应依据合同内容确定。可见,一档综艺节目的授权,是一项综合的、复杂的授权,其中既包含了著作权许可,也包含了对相关摄像、灯光等技术服务的支持。还应当注意的是并非购买了节目版权就享有了著作权,我国法律规定,著作权自作品完成之日起享有,因此,创作出“作品”才是著作权的成立要件。

面对同质化严重的综艺节目,遏制抄袭和克隆必不可少,但也应在法律的框架下对综艺节目进行全面解读,才能繁荣电视节目市场。

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