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国之“神器”:来自C919和“天舟一号”的对话

2017-04-22 10:26:52   新华网

中国航天员可以长期工作、生活在空间站,依托完善的试验平台、利用独特的宇宙环境资源,开展空间科学、基础科学、应用技术的研究和试验,拥抱“太空经济时代”的到来。

C919:创造就业岗位和拉动经济不可估量

天舟一号:搭载太空试验与生活息息相关

根据预测,未来20年仅我国航空运输市场就需要干线客机近6000架,价值近9000亿元,以此创造的就业岗位和经济拉动作用不可估量。

截至目前,C919大型客机市场订单已达到570架,2016年中国东方航空成为C919大型客机的全球首家用户。C919客机首飞后1年内,中国商飞公司和东方航空将启动5架飞机供求谈判。

随着C919的生产和交付,生产、配套和组装涉及成都、西安、沈阳、上海、南昌等城市和周边地区的数百家企业,均已形成了初具规模的航空产业集群,这些航空产业集群以上海为龙头,陕西、四川、江西、辽宁、江苏等22个省市、200多家企业、近20万人参与大型客机项目研制和生产,形成了产业链、价值链、创新链;推动建立16家航电、飞控、电源、燃油和起落架等机载系统合资企业。

4月20日成功发射的天舟一号,搭载的一系列科学实验引人注目,与人们的生活息息相关。

太空微重力环境下骨组织的变化是清华大学生命科学学院合成与系统生物学中心主任陈国强最为关心的课题。天舟一号将首次在太空对抗骨质疏松治疗药物3-羟基丁酸(3HB)开展试验。

“我们发现这种药物对骨形成具有促进作用,能够促进成骨细胞增殖、分化及矿化,抑制破骨细胞的异常活化,在模拟微重力条件下作用明显。”陈国强说,我们希望在真实的太空微重力环境下开展试验。待获得国家食品药品监督管理总局的批准,就可进入临床试验。

3-羟基丁酸(3HB)能够改善组织损伤、蛋白代谢以及代谢紊乱。同时因为3HB具有很好的穿透性并且能快速地扩散到外周组织,使用外源的3HB来治疗一些疾病及损伤,如出血性休克、心肌损伤、大面积烧伤和脑供氧不足、缺氧症以及缺血症等效果显著。

干细胞生物学是如今备受瞩目的研究领域之一,是组织工程和再生医学研究的上游学科。干细胞的重要功能是维持和控制细胞的再生能力,并具有自我更新复制能力和多分化潜能。

在天舟一号上,中国科学院动物研究所研究员段恩奎带领的团队搭载了小鼠胚胎干细胞、小鼠拟胚体,通过普通光和荧光显微成像技术观察干细胞在太空中增殖和分化过程。

这项实验将为更好地实现胚胎干细胞的体外大量扩增,更好地利用多能干细胞分化潜能提供一种新思路,为多能干细胞在组织工程和再生医学中的应用探索一种新途径,最终为未来利用多能干细胞服务于人类健康提供帮助。

此外,还有一项史无前例的研究值得期待。我国将首次在太空开展人胚胎干细胞分化为生殖细胞的实验,研究太空环境对人类生殖的影响,探索人类在太空生育后代的可能性。

该项目负责人、清华大学医学院教授纪家葵对记者说,阐明太空微重力环境下生殖细胞发育与成熟的基本规律,探索胚胎干细胞分化的分子机制,从而为克服空间环境对人类生殖可能带来的影响提供理论依据和技术支持。不久的将来,也许人类就可以离开地球,在太空上繁育后代。

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