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人民日报:中国环境改善速度并不比发达国家同期慢

2017-01-07 07:50:52   

陈吉宁表示,大气污染治理的一个核心问题是冬季重污染,既需要进一步强化污染治理举措,也存在气象条件持续不利的客观原因。

2013年以来,冬季气象条件总体不利。今年是强厄尔尼诺现象的次年,仍延续了气候异常的影响,进入秋冬季以来,全球普遍出现异常气候,多个国家包括基本解决空气重污染问题的英国、法国、韩国等发达国家,接连发生较高强度、较大范围的重污染事件。

同期,我国也经历了非常不利的气象条件,尤其是北方地区冷空气不活跃,强度弱,风速小,温度明显偏高。据气象部门分析,2014年曾是全球最暖的一年,2015年打破了2014年的纪录,2016年再次打破2015年的纪录,而且打破的幅度还比较大。气象监测数据显示,刚刚过去的2016年12月,是1951年以来最暖的12月。全国的平均气温比多年平均情况高了2.6摄氏度,北京偏高1.6摄氏度。

“气象条件一方面非常不利于污染物的扩散,另一方面有利于PM2.5的二次生成,加剧污染严重程度。”陈吉宁表示。

“这几年连续下来,冬季的气象条件变得越来越差,超过了减排速度,这就是我们的问题所在。污染物浓度年均值有改善,但冬季改善不明显。”陈吉宁说,环境保护部将联合有关部门,进一步强化污染防治措施。

全面加大燃煤锅炉取缔力度,改用热电联产集中供热、燃气供暖、电供暖;积极推进城中村、城乡结合部、农村地区散煤治理;加强工业企业冬季错峰生产力度;提高行业排放标准,加强排污许可管理,严格依法对违规排污企业实施停产整治;依托科技手段和网格化监管,加大排查、整治“小散乱污”企业力度;强化对高排放车辆的监管,严格管控重型柴油车及高频使用的出租车污染物排放,加快淘汰黄标车及老旧车。

何时有蓝天,取决于经济结构调整,也取决于每个人愿意为蓝天做多少事情

北京2016年PM2.5年均浓度降幅很大,到今年底要达到“大气十条”目标60微克/立方米,困难很大。对此,陈吉宁表示,北京要解决好小散乱企业、散煤、高污染车等问题。“‘大气十条’的目标我相信我们会完成。”

陈吉宁表示,京津冀的问题从长线来看,还是产业结构和能源结构问题,必须对产业结构和能源结构进行比较大的调整。“调整产业结构、能源结构涉及社会生活方方面面,需要较长过程,因此大气污染治理也不可能一蹴而就。大气污染治理是攻坚战,也是持久战。”

我们何时能有清新空气?陈吉宁告诉记者,珠三角大概用了十几年的时间取得现在的成绩,比英国、美国、日本都要快很多。2015年全年平均下来PM2.5已经在35微克/立方米以下。2016年在整体气象不利情况下再次达标,而且还在改善。“何时有蓝天,取决于经济结构调整,也取决于每个人。如果大家愿意多付出、愿意为蓝天做事情,那么这个过程就会快。如果我们技术上有更快的突破,就会大幅度加快。”

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