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专家:反击西方“替代国”做法 中国能文能武

2016-12-21 19:56:05   

而无论规则怎么制定,公平、公正总是不变的原则。如果继续把中国视为非市场经济国家,坚持对中国产品实行替代国价格方法,对中国人为地造成了不公平。希望有些国家不要损人利己。

新华网:刘洪老师,您有什么看法?

刘洪:用一个形象的比喻来说,这几个主要经济体,就是西方的主要经济体,是想剪中国的羊毛。过去15年中,我们的国家不被认为是市场经济体,在反倾销、反补贴的制裁中,中国企业占到一半。可以说,中国是现在不断抬头的贸易保护主义的最大受害国。按道理,西方国家要承认中国的市场经济地位;如果不承认,可以拿第三国价格作为比较,在反倾销的案件中占据非常有利的地位。

比如咱们穿的鞋子在美国卖50美元,美国觉得自己生产可能得100美元一双,中国鞋子太有竞争力了,他到中国来一查可能就30美元的成本,就没有办法了。但他说因为中国不是市场经济体,不能直接调查你的价格,就拿新加坡的价格比较,新加坡的价格可能是80美元一双,他一查50美元你不明显是倾销吗?反倾销税就上来了。这就把好多中国很有竞争力的商品生生地扼杀了。

但美国、西欧以及日本也看到,中国制造的竞争力太强了,即使过去15年被不断地割羊毛,中国制造在很多国家仍有很大的竞争力。如果他们开放市场,承认中国市场经济体的地位,按照WTO规则的话,一些产业一时会面临些压力。所以为了维持这种霸道的优势,他就采取了这种很不守信的办法,这种不守信国际上都看在眼里。《金融时报》以及其他国际财经报纸的很多评论,都认为这是很不应当的,不能为了一点利益就放弃遵守规则。

新华网:如果部分世贸组织成员罔顾国际规则,继续使用反倾销“替代国”做法,中国有没有比较好的反制措施呢?

苏格:在世界经济贸易和全球化的进程中,如果一个国家对另一个国家采取不公正的贸易行为,受到不公正待遇的国家完全可以引用WTO或世界其它相关贸易规则予以反制。少数国家继续用第三国替代方案把倾销的罪名压给中国,而中国被迫采取一定的反制措施,最终这些国家是拿起石头砸自己的脚。

另外,全球化进程也是全球治理和规则制定的进程。世界经济各行为体相互依存,“一荣皆荣,一损皆损”,还是要通过沟通、磋商,甚至艰苦的谈判来解决问题。在双边的贸易中,许多问题还是得个案处理。

刘洪:我觉得对中国来说可能有两个措施,一个是文的、一个是武的。文的就是通过WTO的诉讼,我们可以向WTO提起诉讼,但缺点是费时费力,往往一个诉讼结果出来可能得一到两年时间。而且,西方已经开始布局了,聘请了大量律师,包括今年早些时候美国否决WTO上诉机构一名韩籍裁判官连任,为什么?按照西方媒体的判断,这个官员因为韩国和中国的贸易关系比较紧密,比较偏向于中国的立场,因为我们的立场完全站得住脚,所以美国干脆把这个人踢走了,这就是提早布局。

还有一条武的,通过博弈和斗争,使对方认识到痛苦,认识到必须遵守国际规则,你损害了中国,中国也会让你受到损失。

文武之道、一张一弛,考验着中国的智慧和博弈能力。

苏格:中国有保留采取一切措施的权利,我们会根据事情的是非曲直采取反制措施。不管何种经济体,都应在平等互利的基础上进行贸易。贸易本来就是互通有无、礼尚往来。一旦有人挑起贸易争端,我们可按照世贸组织相关规则,提请世贸组织争端解决机制解决。同时,在自己受到不公正的待遇时,采取必要手段并行使反制措施。(徐倩王俊景)

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