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超1/3“百名红通”人员落网 都是怎么追回的?

2016-11-16 23:41:26   新华网

为什么外逃腐败分子都喜欢往美国、加拿大等国跑?北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院国际刑法研究所所长黄风介绍,我国与美国、加拿大等国没有引渡条约,追逃只能通过替代性措施即劝返、遣返、异地追诉的方式来实现。因此,一直以来,西方国家是追逃追赃的重点,同时也是难点。

37人怎么追回来?超一半是被“劝返”

从去年4月发布“百名红通”人员通缉令以来,追逃追赃的工作正有条不紊地进度逐步推进。2015年,在7个多月的时间里,共有18人归案。

2016年以来,包括刚刚归案的杨秀珠,目前已有19名“红通”落网。其中仅6月以来,就有10名“百名红通”人员归案。除了追逃“百名红通”人员之外,对其他相关人员的追逃追赃工作也在同步进行。中央纪委网站公布的数据显示,截至2016年9月,我国已从70余个国家和地区追回外逃人员2210人,其中国家工作人员363人,追赃79.94亿元。

2015年追回的18名“百名红通”人员中,国内缉捕的是2人,死亡的是2人,劝返和遣返的均为7人。

从被追回的方式来看,被“劝返”回国投案自首的占了绝大多数。目前已经落网的37名“红通”之中,有22名属于被“劝返”。

“劝返是在逃犯发现地国家司法执法机关的配合下,通过发挥法律的震慑力和政策的感召力,促使外逃人员主动回国接受处理的一种措施。”黄风介绍,劝返是比较经济、有效的手段,可以避开引渡、遣返等过程中遇到的比较复杂的程序。

此外,遣返也是追逃的重要方式。与劝返不同,遣返是指向逃犯所在地国家提供其违法犯罪线索,被请求国将不具有合法居留身份的外国人强制遣返至第三国或请求国。例如,2015年9月归案的杨进军(杨秀珠的弟弟)就是被从美国强制遣返回国的,这也是美方首次向中国强制遣返外逃腐败案件涉案人员。

对于国际追逃追赃等违法犯罪而言,引渡是一项国际司法协助的重要制度。据了解,目前我国已对外缔结44项引渡条约,但已经缔结引渡条约的主要集中在亚洲及发展中国家。外逃贪官相对集中的美国、加拿大等国,由于并没有与我国签署引渡条约,在追逃追赃过程中,缺乏一种常态化的司法制度合作。西方国家是追逃工作的重点,同时也是难点。

“在美国,申请避难需要经过移民法院初审、司法部内设的移民上诉委员会行政复核和联邦上诉法院司法复核三级审核,走完这三级审理程序,往往需要数年的时间。”外交部条法司相关负责人介绍,这意味着像杨秀珠这样的外逃官员可以借此拖延时间,进而实现长期滞留美国的目的,而中美两国引渡条约的缺位也给追逃工作带来困难和障碍。

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