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核安全法草案送审 明确公众享有核设施安全信息知情权

2016-11-01 03:53:29   北京青年报

在地方政府职责方面,草案第八条提到,省、自治区、直辖市人民政府依照国务院有关规定,划定和管理核电厂及其他重要核设施周围的规划限制区,组织实施核事故场外应急准备与响应。

公开

运营单位可向公众开放核设施

草案将“信息公开与公众参与”单独列为一章,对信息公开作出了具体规定。同时,进一步明确了政府、企业信息公开的事项、方式和程序、公众监督等内容。张云川强调,此举意在强化核安全的政府监管责任和公众对核安全的监督,保证草案规定的各项制度和措施得以有效贯彻实施。

草案提到,“任何单位和个人均有保护核设施、核材料安全的义务,对危害核设施、核材料安全的行为有向政府有关部门报告的权利,并享有对核设施安全信息的知情权,但涉及秘密的除外”。

按照草案初审稿,核设施所在地省级政府未在职责范围内依法公开的,则“由国务院监察部门予以警告,可以对直接负责人记过处分,对直接责任人追究相应的行政责任”。

而在信息公开的方式和程序上,草案明确,“对依法公开的核安全信息,应当通过政府公告、网站以及其他便于公众知晓的方式,及时向社会公开”、“公民、法人和其他组织,可以依法向国务院核安全监督管理部门及核设施所在地省级人民政府申请获取核安全相关信息”。

此外,草案还提到,核设施营运单位应当“在不影响核设施安全的前提下,对公众开放核设施,进行核设施安全现场宣传”等。

参与

重大核安全问题应征求利益相关方意见

草案明确“核设施营运单位应当就涉及公众利益的重大核安全问题通过问卷调查、论证会、座谈会,或者采取其他形式征求利益相关方的意见”。同时,“核设施所在地省级人民政府应当就影响公众利益的重大核安全问题举行论证会、座谈会,或者采取其他形式征求利益相关方的意见”。

在公众监督层面,草案第五十九条规定,公民、法人和其他组织有权对存在核安全隐患或者违反核安全有关法律、行政法规的行为,向国务院核安全监督管理部门或者其他有关部门举报。公民、法人和其他组织不得编制、散播有关核安全的虚假信息。

赔偿

责任主体是核设施营运单位

核事故损害赔偿也是此前公众关注的一大焦点。此次草案明确,自然人、法人和其他组织在受到核损害后,有获得赔偿的权利。同时,对造成他人核损害的,依照国家核损害责任制度承担赔偿责任。核设施营运单位是核损害赔偿的责任主体,应对其核设施和核材料造成的核损害承担赔偿责任。

北京青年报记者注意到,在核损害赔偿方面,草案列出了三种例外情形,即武装冲突或者暴乱、战争、受害人故意或者重大过失致害。

张云川在作草案说明时解释称,关于核损害赔偿问题,应当制作专门的核损害赔偿法规予以规范。“为适应国际合作的需要,草案仅就核损害赔偿的主要责任及其主体、免除承担责任和第三方免责等问题作出了规定”。

据悉,为了保证法律的系统性和完整性,草案规定了具体的各项制度和措施,如规划制度、标准制度、报告与反馈制度、许可制度、核事故应急准备与响应制度、资质资格管理制度等。同时,明确了一些相关的核安全保障措施,如核安全文化、宣传和教育、人员培训、国际合作、科研、资金保障等。

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