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中办国办:逐步形成农村土地“三权分置”

2016-10-30 19:51:45   新华通讯社

(二)基本原则

尊重农民意愿。坚持农民主体地位,维护农民合法权益,把选择权交给农民,发挥其主动性和创造性,加强示范引导,不搞强迫命令、不搞一刀切。

守住政策底线。坚持和完善农村基本经营制度,坚持农村土地集体所有,坚持家庭经营基础性地位,坚持稳定土地承包关系,不能把农村土地集体所有制改垮了,不能把耕地改少了,不能把粮食生产能力改弱了,不能把农民利益损害了。

坚持循序渐进。充分认识农村土地制度改革的长期性和复杂性,保持足够历史耐心,审慎稳妥推进改革,由点及面开展,不操之过急,逐步将实践经验上升为制度安排。

坚持因地制宜。充分考虑各地资源禀赋和经济社会发展差异,鼓励进行符合实际的实践探索和制度创新,总结形成适合不同地区的“三权分置”具体路径和办法。

三、逐步形成“三权分置”格局

完善“三权分置”办法,不断探索农村土地集体所有制的有效实现形式,落实集体所有权,稳定农户承包权,放活土地经营权,充分发挥“三权”的各自功能和整体效用,形成层次分明、结构合理、平等保护的格局。

(一)始终坚持农村土地集体所有权的根本地位。农村土地农民集体所有,是农村基本经营制度的根本,必须得到充分体现和保障,不能虚置。土地集体所有权人对集体土地依法享有占有、使用、收益和处分的权利。农民集体是土地集体所有权的权利主体,在完善“三权分置”办法过程中,要充分维护农民集体对承包地发包、调整、监督、收回等各项权能,发挥土地集体所有的优势和作用。农民集体有权依法发包集体土地,任何组织和个人不得非法干预;有权因自然灾害严重毁损等特殊情形依法调整承包地;有权对承包农户和经营主体使用承包地进行监督,并采取措施防止和纠正长期抛荒、毁损土地、非法改变土地用途等行为。承包农户转让土地承包权的,应在本集体经济组织内进行,并经农民集体同意;流转土地经营权的,须向农民集体书面备案。集体土地被征收的,农民集体有权就征地补偿安置方案等提出意见并依法获得补偿。通过建立健全集体经济组织民主议事机制,切实保障集体成员的知情权、决策权、监督权,确保农民集体有效行使集体土地所有权,防止少数人私相授受、谋取私利。

(二)严格保护农户承包权。农户享有土地承包权是农村基本经营制度的基础,要稳定现有土地承包关系并保持长久不变。土地承包权人对承包土地依法享有占有、使用和收益的权利。农村集体土地由作为本集体经济组织成员的农民家庭承包,不论经营权如何流转,集体土地承包权都属于农民家庭。任何组织和个人都不能取代农民家庭的土地承包地位,都不能非法剥夺和限制农户的土地承包权。在完善“三权分置”办法过程中,要充分维护承包农户使用、流转、抵押、退出承包地等各项权能。承包农户有权占有、使用承包地,依法依规建设必要的农业生产、附属、配套设施,自主组织生产经营和处置产品并获得收益;有权通过转让、互换、出租(转包)、入股或其他方式流转承包地并获得收益,任何组织和个人不得强迫或限制其流转土地;有权依法依规就承包土地经营权设定抵押、自愿有偿退出承包地,具备条件的可以因保护承包地获得相关补贴。承包土地被征收的,承包农户有权依法获得相应补偿,符合条件的有权获得社会保障费用等。不得违法调整农户承包地,不得以退出土地承包权作为农民进城落户的条件。

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