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据了解,“长征”系列运载火箭和“神舟”系列飞船推进舱的燃料舱、载人舱(逃逸舱)、轨道舱,以及“天宫二号”空间实验室的资源舱和实验舱都需要大量的铝合金材料。从1999年11月发射的“神舟一号”到如今的“神舟十一号”,东轻都提供了大量的高强、高韧、耐腐蚀以及超塑性铝合金材料,结构重量的大部分铝合金材料也都是东轻提供的。其中包括,内装饰用铝合金型材、火箭及飞船的壳体、连接各舱的铝合金锻环、火箭点火装置用铝材以及铝合金线材等,涵盖几十种合金、百余个品种。
中铝西南铝
敢破难题勇闯难关
据了解,在“神十一”工程中,中铝西南铝承担了20多个品种、70多个规格的铝合金关键材料和构件的研制和试制任务,主要用于飞船的“骨架”和运载火箭的结构件、连接件和受力件等。
从火箭到飞船,从舱体的蒙皮到航天员的座椅等,处处都凝聚着西南铝人的心血和汗水。据了解,西南铝为神舟十一号工程提供的蒙皮用板材不仅要求质量轻,还对平直度要求非常严格,并且大部分板材都属于超大规格型,生产难度极大。同时,西南铝提供的多种规格锻件是飞船骨架的重要关键结构受力件,由于飞船在起动、飞行、回收过程中承受了巨大的载荷,因此对锻件的材料、组织、性能、尺寸等也提出了很严格的要求。
为保证试制工作圆满完成,西南铝提出了确保时间节点,不拖研制后腿;确保技术达标,保证安全可靠性;确保品种数量,满足需要的“三个确保”目标。从科研管理、组织运作等各方面进行了一系列探索和创新,有力地促进了研制工作快速推进。
同时,神舟十一号飞船发射工程所需的关键材料,具有高冶金质量、高性能的技术指标要求及品种规格多、构件尺寸大的特点,其制造技术是当今国际最先进的铝加工技术,国外长期实行技术垄断和封锁。为保障国家航天事业发展需求,西南铝充分发挥技术优势,自主研发新材料、新产品,开展工艺技术研究,实施技术改造,有效解决了一系列工艺难题,取得了熔铸、热加工、热处理等一系列科研成果,攻克了材料研发生产中的多项关键技术难关,打破了国外技术垄断,实现了批量生产,为神舟十一号圆满发射成功提供了坚实的材料保障。
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