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神舟十一和天宫二号上,装备了这9种秘密武器

2016-10-18 10:15:15   华西都市报 作者:张想玲

“天宫二号”作为中国第一个真正意义上的空间实验室,对飞船密封件安全性、稳定性的要求更高。航天员将在“天宫二号”中开展人在太空中期驻留实验,必须保证舱内压力、温度、湿度、气体成分等航天员生存条件。其密封件除要求密封性能安全可靠外,还要求材料安全无毒,不产生降解、老化和龟裂,可安全使用30年。

针对“苛刻”的任务特点,研制人员在原有成熟技术的基础上集智攻关,先后克服了原材料选材、工艺成型等众多难关,研制出完全国产、无毒无害的原材料,各类模拟环境试验表明:该密封材料达到国际同类产品水平,寿命大于30年,各项性能满足设计要求。

76台姿控发动机全程护航

载人航天用的发动机,无论是推力75吨级的火箭发动机,还是飞船上实施姿态控制用的几公斤推力的小姿控发动机,从一个零部组件到一条焊缝,都必须做到万无一失。

此次“神十一”载人飞船与“天宫二号”空间实验室实施交会对接后,两名宇航员要在太空中驻留长达一个月的时间,航天科技集团六院研制的飞船上的48台姿控发动机和空间实验室中的28台姿控发动机,担负着全程保驾护航的职责。

在“神十一”载人飞船2500N发动机研制中,推力室头部喷注器需要微小孔加工,密密麻麻上百个小孔细如发丝,而且撞击精度、角度、距离、孔径要求极为严苛。为了确保精度,六院改进工艺方法,采用高速数控工艺加工微小孔,效率提高了4倍以上,精度提高了3倍。

太阳翼结构实现国产化

神舟飞船正常入轨,太阳翼帆板顺利展开,这意味着飞船的首个国产太阳翼结构首次经过在轨验证。该结构由中国航天科技集团公司五院508所负责研制。

在轨自主应急返回救生

在载人交会对接中,由于任务的需要,神舟十一号飞船要频繁变轨,为了进一步保障航天员的安全,飞船系统设计了在轨自主应急返回的救生方案。也就是说,一旦飞船与地面失去联系,导致地面指挥系统无法为飞船计算准确的落点,飞船将启动自主应急返回系统。

此前,神舟“兄弟”在轨飞行期间,仪表控制器应用软件针对自主应急返回进行了两次在轨验证,落点计算结果准确无误,充分验证了这一技术的可靠性。

“生命之塔”逃逸发动机

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