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神舟十一号明日对接天宫二号 航天员状态良好

2016-10-18 02:57:09   京华时报

抬高远地点高度,最后还要进行轨道圆化和组合体修正。经过5次远距离导引控制之后,飞船将到达天宫二号后下方52公里左右的位置,两个航天器建立空空通信,转入到自主控制段。

与前几次交会对接任务不同,此次交会对接轨道和返回轨道高度比之前增加了50公里,将首次考核验证空间站阶段的交会对接和载人飞船返回技术,还将首次考核航天员中期驻留能力。为此,中心科技人员调整了对飞船的控制策略。

未来动向

  预计明天交会对接将形成“天神”组合

预计在本月19日,天宫二号和神舟十一号将进行空间交会对接,形成“天神”组合,携手探索宇宙奥秘。

想在布满宇宙射线、高能粒子的太空环境中平稳飞行可不能天马行空、“任性”地随意乱飞,需要严格按照预定的轨道进行。与车辆在地面高速公路上行驶时只需控制前进方向不同,要想在太空实现这点,难度更高,需要精准地控制上、下、左、右、前、后等多个方向,这对航天器的控制系统要求极高。

而天宫二号和神舟十一号面临的挑战更为严峻,为了完成承载航天员进行我国首次30天中长期在轨驻留实验,这两个近10吨重的大家伙,要通过组合体控制技术实现“1 1=1”,在数万米每秒的高速飞行中保持轨道的毫厘不差,上演令人惊叹的空间华尔兹。

为打造最佳“天神”组合,天宫二号和神舟十一号的缔造者、航天科技集团公司五院院长张洪太说,神舟十一号与天宫二号交会对接后,组合体姿态和轨道的控制权将交由天宫二号负责,“退居二线”的神舟十一号将关闭大部分设备,只承担太阳能帆板控制的职责,保证随时提供为组合体提供稳定的能源保障。

组合体在太空运行中,其携带的很多设备的电力能源需要太阳能的支撑和转化,对此,在绕地运行的过程中,为了确保组合体上的太阳能帆板始终对准太阳,尽可能多地接受阳光的照射,“天神”组合需要时刻调整姿态。

关注天宫

神舟十一号飞船成功发射,而先期进入太空的天宫二号空间实验室已在轨运行一个多月。随天宫二号发射入轨的50余件有效载荷目前情况如何?10余项空间科学与应用实验是否已经开展?

记者从天宫二号空间应用系统总体部获悉,天宫二号有效载荷进入太空后,陆续进行了加电自检、在轨初始状态设置和初步功能测试,各有效载荷和在轨支持设备运行正常,性能稳定,状态良好。目前,部分实验已获取了一批相关典型区域图像和科学实验数据。

天宫二号运行一个月部分实验“首战告捷”

空间冷原子钟

它是国际上第一台空间运行的冷原子钟,可以使飞行器自主守时精度提高两个量级。目前实验成功进行了冷原子的冷却、抛射、选态、微波相互作用和探测,在国际上首次获得了微重力环境下冷原子钟信号。经分析,频率稳定度符合预期,为下一步科学实验奠定了基础。它还是专门探测地球临边大气层的遥感仪器,其前向光谱仪和环形成像仪已分别获取多组连续光谱和多方位大气数据,还获取了地外月球紫外图像。

综合材料实验

该实验将研究多种新型材料在地面重力环境下难以获知的物理和化学规律及性质。目前已完成第一批次6支样品实验,材料生长炉温场控制满足实验需求。

高等植物培养实验

该实验将研究拟南芥和水稻种子在太空中萌发、生长、开花、结籽的全过程。目前已顺利完成了营养液加注,拟南芥和水稻种子在注液四天后陆续萌发,目前生长状态良好。

记者 潘珊菊

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