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揭秘辽宁人大代表乱象:有人借代表身份插手案件

2016-09-09 17:08:12   财经网

曾反映李月英相关问题的10名葫芦岛籍省人大代表之一王勇,是葫芦岛九洲房地产开发有限公司(下称葫芦岛九州公司)董事长。

葫芦岛九州公司的一起债务合同纠纷案中,也出现了4名市人大代表的联名信,标题是“司法建议书”。该“司法建议书”显示,该案经过一审和重审,“均未弄清事实,认定证据错误,造成双方当事人都不服”。

人大代表的联名信或司法建议书是否具有法律或行政效力?

北京外国语大学政治传播学者乔木认为,人大代表的联名信不具有法律约束和行政效力。

但,“由于人大代表对政府工作报告、两院的工作报告有表决权,对官员任命有选举权。司法机关惧于人大代表的表决权和选举权,最终致使正当的查办、审理案件受到干扰。”武汉大学法学院教授秦前红表示。

 人大代表如何监督个案?

人大代表能否对司法个案进行监督?

秦前红告诉《财经》记者,各级人大代表不准以任何形式对个案进行干预和监督。人大代表没有个案监督权,是2007年施行的《各级人民代表大会常务委员会监督法》(下称《监督法》)的默认规定。

秦前红称,《监督法》起草时,是否允许个案监督是一个重点问题,最后达成的共识是不予规定,“法无授权即禁止”是公法的原则,因此,一般认为人大代表没有对个案监督的权力。

北京大学法学院副教授陈永生认为,人大代表干预个案的现象是司法改革严格禁止的。2015年3月30日,中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发《领导干部干预司法活动、插手具体案件处理的记录、通报和责任追究规定》,明确禁止领导干部插手具体案件处理,确保司法机关依法独立公正行使职权。“各级人大代表也在这项规定的约束范围之内。人大代表可以关注司法改革,但个人或者联合几个人以人大代表的联名信方式对具体案件提出处理意见,是绝对禁止的。即使以人民代表大会组织的名义,也只能要求司法机关依法客观公正处理案件,不能对办案机关提出明确处理意见,或者偏向一方当事人。”

在秦前红看来,根据《监督法》,人大代表关注案件的唯一形式是,地方各级人大常委会进行执法检查之后,在专题报告或专题询问中,人大代表可以借此机会在会议上对司法机关提出询问。但采取联名递交司法建议书对司法机关办案提出具体要求是不妥的。他认为,即使联名信或司法建议书没有偏向任何一方当事人,也是不允许的,这不是人大代表履职的正当形式。

秦前红举例,曾经有地方出现这样的案例,案件一方当事人找几位人大代表,联名要求司法机关对案件如何处理,另一方当事人也找几位人大代表,以同样的形式要求案件如何处理。

北京大学法学院教授姜明安在接受媒体采访时称,当前出现很多代表监督司法个案的情况,不排除是受利益驱使,有些人大代表甚至本身就是司法案件的当事人。

不过,在人大代表是否有权进行个案监督上也存争议。某省人大常委会一位相关负责人接受媒体采访时表示,对于个案监督,是一个有争议的话题,即是否影响公正司法。但是从实践的效果来看,实行个案监督受到人民群众欢迎。但有专家提醒,在强化人大代表对个案监督的同时,必须同时建立人大代表监督回避制度。对个案监督,更多的是关注重点案件的司法公正与高效,司法个案自由裁量是否适当。

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