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人民日报:中国社保缴费率存在阶段性下调空间

2016-08-26 06:32:31   人民日报

降低社保缴费率具有现实可行性

引起社保缴费率高位运行的因素,有人口老龄化和福利待遇等方面的刚性因素,也有制度设计方面的可调整因素。因此,从控制、降低缴费率和保质提标几方面发力,当前阶段性降低社保缴费率有一定空间,而且不会引起职工福利待遇缩水。

内涵降费。这是指通过精简归并不合理社保项目、加强基金调剂使用、下调部分险种缴费率和完善降缴缓缴机制等方式,直接降低企业社保总成本,使企业能够在经济周期内合理分摊福利成本,促进职工与企业共担经济周期性风险。可采取的措施是:加快健康风险保障类险种“合并同类项”;加快推动职工养老保险基础养老金全国统筹,可先按照中央和省级双重架构统筹管理基金,统一各省(区、市)基本养老保险政策;进一步完善养老基金投资管理办法,丰富投资领域和投资工具,以投资反哺筹资;根据当前失业保险基金积存过多的情况,可阶段性适当降低失业保险缴费率,并扩大失业保险基金在预防失业、促进就业方面的支付范围。

外延控费。这主要是指建立抑制缴费负担进一步攀升的筹资“防火墙”。各项社会保险制度本质上属于收入再分配,在基金支付需求具有刚性的前提下,在社保缴费环节进行节流的空间是有限的。在经济下行压力加大的情况下,应充分利用财政等再分配筹资工具,加大财政转移支付力度和国有企业收益反哺力度,发挥好社保基金的增值功能,通过开源的方式减轻单位和在职职工的当期缴费压力,为降低社保缴费率腾出空间。

保质提标。保障待遇低于参保人员预期,是参保人员缴费意愿低、企业不堪重负的一个重要原因。因此,要充分考虑社会保险的福利棘轮效应(指福利待遇易于上调、难以下降的现象),降低社保负担不能以社保待遇下调或变相下调为条件。同时,多渠道增加资金投入,提高保障水平,拓展保障项目,促进保障公平,织牢织密社会保障网,提高参保人员的获得感。

(作者为国家发改委社会发展研究所所长)

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