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最高法:非法进入我国领海可判刑

2016-08-02 11:50:58   新华网

据了解,司法解释支持行政机关对非法进入我国管辖海域的外国船只与人员,依据出境入境管理法、治安管理处罚法采取相应的强制措施与行政处罚。对经驱赶拒不离开、被驱离后又非法进入,在我国管辖水域实施非法捕捞等行为,构成犯罪的,可以依据我国刑法有关偷越国(边)境罪、非法捕捞水产品罪的规定,追究其刑事责任。

司法解释规定,非法进入我国领海,具有下列情形之一的,应当认定为刑法第三百二十二条规定的“情节严重”:经驱赶拒不离开的;被驱离后又非法进入我国领海的;因非法进入我国领海被行政处罚或者被刑事处罚后,一年内又非法进入我国领海的;非法进入我国领海从事捕捞水产品等活动,尚不构成非法捕捞水产品等犯罪的;其他情节严重的情形。

我国刑法第三百二十二条规定,违反国(边)境管理法规,偷越国(边)境,情节严重的,处一年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,并处罚金。

“海上航行自由是一项国际法原则,但航行自由与无害通过不应违反沿海国对领海、专属经济区及大陆架享有的主权权利及管辖权。”最高法相关负责人说。

同时,司法解释提高了涉海非法捕捞的定罪标准,规定非法捕捞水产品一万公斤以上或者价值十万元以上,非法捕捞有重要经济价值的水生动物苗种、怀卵亲体二千公斤以上或者价值二万元以上等情形的,认定为刑法中的非法捕捞“情节严重”。此外,司法解释还对刑法中非法采捕、收购、运输、出售珍贵、濒危水生野生动物“情节严重”和“情节特别严重”的具体情形进行了规定。

“对于偷越国边境罪、非法捕捞水产品罪等罪名的定罪量刑标准,我国此前作出的规定主要针对发生在陆地或内陆河流、湖泊的犯罪行为。”最高法相关负责人说,“针对偷越陆地国(边)境行为作出的规定,难以适用于从海上出入我国的行为。海上与河流湖泊捕捞也不一样,所以需要适当提高涉海非法捕捞的定罪标准。”

保障海上依法行政 鼓励渔民合法经营

记者了解到,司法解释对无证捕捞情节严重的认定标准、对涉渔“三无”船舶可否采取强制措施等问题均作出了详细规定,一方面为我国海上渔业执法提供司法保障,另一方面也保证我国海洋行政执法工作始终依法合规。

据介绍,目前我国管辖海域涉渔违法行为主要表现在无证捕捞、非法猎捕珍稀水生动物等。违法作业渔船中大部分属于无船名、无船籍港、无船舶证书的“三无”船舶。一些渔船还非法进入邻国管辖海域盗采红珊瑚等珍稀濒危海洋生物,给我国国际形象和外交大局造成恶劣影响。

最高法相关负责人表示,针对这种情况,此次出台的司法解释对渔业法规定的无证捕捞“情节严重”司法审查标准作出了规定。对尚未下水作业的涉渔“三无”船舶,支持渔业执法部门采取禁止离港、指定地点停放等强制措施。对所有人不明的涉渔“三无”船舶,支持执法机关在无相反证据的情况下,将现场实际负责人或直接负责人认定为违法行为人。

同时,司法解释还将故意遮挡、涂改船名、船籍港等八种情形纳入渔业法规定的无证捕捞“情节严重”范围,将其作为人民法院审查的重点,以解决司法实践中遇到的问题。

“司法解释专门规定,无证从事海上捕捞作业,因船舶碰撞、海洋污染等民事侵权纠纷,主张收入损失的,人民法院不予支持,以此引导从业者合法经营。”最高法相关负责人说,“不过,对无证捕捞者的直接财产损失,如受损渔船渔具的重置、修复费用等,受害人请求予以赔偿的,不受本条规定的影响。”

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