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民法总则草案:小学生不喜欢自己名字可提出修改

2016-06-28 02:51:15    综合

“孩子有自己的利益诉求,能够根据自己的意志决定的,大人就不要把自己的意志强加给孩子。这样的修改能够扩及更广泛的领域,包括姓名决定权等,如果不认同父母起的名字也可以提出修改要求。”

另有专家指出,我国义务教育法规定是六周岁入学,因此将限制民事行为能力人的年龄下限规定为六周岁,也与此相关。

  看点三

  老人有望纳入监护制度保护

  失能老人可以预先选好监护人

未成年人、植物人、精神病人、老年痴呆患者,当他们需要参与社会活动或者权益需要维护时,谁可以替他们做主?答案是他们的监护人。

监护人到底该如何确定?他们应当承担哪些职责?什么样的人可以成为被监护人?围绕这些问题,草案给出了较为全面的规范。

“这 次修改的一大亮点就是扩大了监护制度所保护的对象范围,这将充分发挥监护制度的功能。”复旦大学法学院副教授李世刚介绍,现行民法通则仅针对未成年人和精 神病人设置了监护制度,欠缺老年人监护制度。而依据这次修改,精神病人以外的其他成年人在出现民事行为能力欠缺的情况下也可以成为监护的对象。不仅如此, 成年人如果担心自己将来无法正常参与社会交易或生活,还可以预先选任好监护人,未雨绸缪、防患未然。

  看点四

  拟对法人作出新分类

  分为营利性法人和非营利性法人

法人是法律拟制的“人”。我国现行民法通则将法人分为企业法人、机关法人、事业单位法人、社会团体法人等。然而,随着经济社会的快速发展,社会组织的形态发 生很大变化,基金会、民办非企业单位、社会服务机构等新组织形态大量出现,现行法律已经很难完全纳入,需要从法律上作出调整。

对此,草案将法人进行了新的划分,即“营利性法人”和“非营利性法人”。

草案明确,以取得利润并分配给其股东或者其他出资人等成员为目的成立的法人,为营利性法人。为公益目的或者其他非营利目的成立的法人,为非营利性法人。非营利性法人不得向其成员或者设立人分配利润。

“这是按照法人设立目的和功能的不同作出的新分类,与民法通则相比进步是很大的。”中国政法大学教授、中国民法学研究会副会长、中国法学会民法典起草领导小组成员李永军说,横向比较其他国家的法律,新的分类方法也能让我国更好地与世界接轨。

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