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苏联送还中国《永乐大典》内情首次披露(图)

2016-05-04 02:41:29   京华时报

□《汇编》的编纂

中俄文两版文献内容完全一致

《中国与苏联关系文献汇编》由中俄两国外交部和国家文献及档案部门共同编辑出版。2009年,双方首次出版了《中国与苏联关系文献汇编(1949年10月—1951年12月)》。

俄罗斯外交部副部长莫尔古洛夫介绍,此次汇编在中国出版中文版本,在俄罗斯出版俄文版,两个版本内容完全一致。该汇编的首要任务是介绍上世纪50年代初期两国在政治、经济、科技和文化等领域的合作情况,具有很高的历史价值,汇编收录了1952年至1955年在中苏两国关系发展过程中形成的代表性文献,其中包括国家最高领导人的声明、政府间往来信函、会谈记录等大量珍贵史料。

此次文献汇编有7个长期从事中苏、中俄关系的大使参与集体汇编,文献将给年轻人以独立思考的根据,虽然枯燥但却是真实呈现,没有档案的国家历史只能是传说,没有档案的个人经历只能算忽悠,只有档案才是看世界的根据。

涉绝密内容需办法律手续

俄罗斯历史文献局局长库兹涅佐夫介绍,汇编从各个档案馆里筛选出最经典有代表性的资料花了很长时间。

曾驻苏联、俄罗斯使馆公使衔参赞吴筱秋是此次文献中方编委会的主要成员之一。据其介绍,整个汇编前后共花了整整10年时间,本想在两国建交60周年出版,但是工作没有想象中那么简单,并不是简单的文献整理。中国与苏联建交初期的上世纪五十年代,中国在大文献的整理和保留方面一点经验都没有,因此中方资料并不完整和全面。同时,世界上很少出版历史文献,需要两国版本保持完全一致,因此整个出版过程历经很多困难。

由于两国双方解密程度相差很大,苏联解体以后叶利钦时期解密程度很大,而我国按照法律却很严格,历史档案不是随便都能往外翻译,需要保留共同版本,即使双方说可以发表,也会涉及当代的现实状况,这是一个非常严谨的法律程序。

在沟通交流中,需要先广泛提供准备材料给双方,先把公开发表过的目录提供给对方,符合的60%可以共同定下来,而40%存在争论的就需要坐下来进行讨论。此外,凡是涉及到各个部门的内容都要去所在部门审批。例如,涉及第一个五年计划的所有文件,都需要送到发改委去审批,整个过程特别复杂。

《汇编》还原苏联援助和支持中国

在整个文献汇编中,苏联在第一个五年计划帮助中国的内容和苏联帮助新中国走进联合国是反映当时两国关系的重头。

其中,汇编里面详细记载了1953年5月苏联国际计划委员会就中国首个五年计划给予了意见建议,具体到地质勘察工作、黑色冶金工业、煤炭工业、石油工业、电站方面、化学工业、建筑工业,以及劳动与干部人才培养问题,并在这些方面援助中国发展国民经济,给予了物质、技术和人才专家输出方面的支持。

1954年4月底,中国首次以五大国之一的地位和身份参加讨论重大国际问题的会议,周恩来总理在日内瓦会议上舌战十六国阵营。时任苏联外长莫洛托夫在会议上力挺中国,发言强调中华人民共和国在国际事务上占有特殊地位,在亚洲局势重要问题方面做出贡献。

同时,在第二年9月20日的联合国大会上,莫洛托夫关于中华人民共和国代表权问题发言表示要求恢复中华人民共和国在联合国中的合法权利。

京华时报 记者潘珊菊

责任编辑:孙启浩 cn037
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