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全球去年新增10座核电机组 中国占8座(图)

2016-04-26 13:48:05   观察者网

但是《国家报》认为,中国核能领域的实力展示并不足以让“华龙一号”核电技术在海外取得成功。中国企业的国际经验相对较少,需要克服各种政治和文化因素才能获得合约。于是,那些之前向中国出售产品的国外企业便获得了新的机遇。西班牙泰纳通公司的国际业务负责人托马斯·巴图埃卡斯表示:“在国际法规以及其他国家的国内法规方面,中国企业的经验不如西方企业。有的市场与西班牙文化,而不是中国文化更接近,比如阿根廷。我们了解渠道和客户的需求,这些都是我们可以摆上谈判桌的优势。”

全球核电复苏

回顾全球核电市场,日本也在2015年开始重启了核电。2015年8月11日,日本九州电力公司宣布,川内核电站1号机组成为日本全国首座被审查符合新安全标准后重启的反应堆,日本结束了近两年的“零核电”状态。公开数据显示,目前日本国内提出重启申请的反应堆已有24座。此外,根据《日本经济新闻》报道,日立集团在英国拥有的两个核电厂址中,建设四个反应堆。

世界核能协会尚未公布2015年的全球核能的发电量数据。截至2014年年底,全球核电的发电量为达2411TWh(24110亿千瓦时),占全球总发电量的11.5%。

印度将成为继中国、俄罗斯之后的又一核电建设大国。截至2016年1月1日,印度在建核电机组为6台,在建数量位列全球第三。去年12月底,印度政府发布报告称,计划启动1500亿美元的核电计划,预计在今年上半年将与美国西屋电气签署建设六座核反应堆的协议。

美国目前共有5个在建核电机组,数据显示,在2019年前有超过2000兆瓦核电机组面临退役。美国能源信息署曾发布数据称,预计2016年-2020年间,美国核电装机总量仍将增加5000兆瓦以上。

俄罗斯正在全球推广它的核电技术,包括南非、孟加拉国、土耳其、埃及等在内的国家都是其目标市场。在技术上,俄罗斯国家原子能公司还在去年7月21日宣布,已成功开发出一种“超纯”镍合金新材料,并利用制造了首个VVER-TOI压水堆“超强”压力容器。

去年9月,俄罗斯还开始建造功率为150兆瓦、全球最大的多功能钠冷快中子研究堆。预计反应堆在2020年投入运行。

埃及将成为新一个引进核电的国家。去年11月,俄罗斯与埃及签署了一份政府间协议,共同建设与运营4座VVER型反应堆。预计2016年一季度,两国还将签署开工建设第一座机组的总承包合同。目前,1号机组的前期工作已于今年1月初开始。

在芬兰,全球首个乏燃料地质处置库建设许可证得以颁发。2015年11月,芬兰政府向波西瓦(Posiva)公司颁发许可证,允许该公司在埃乌拉约基场址建设一座乏燃料地质处置库。这是全球颁发的首份乏燃料地质处置库建设许可证。

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