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费率降后社保待遇会不会降?党报刊文解读

2016-04-18 05:38:49   人民日报

原标题:社保费率降 待遇不会降(政策解读)

《人民日报》(2016年04月18日02版)

阶段性降低社保费率,有利于企业降成本。不过,广大参保者也担心,降费率会不会降低社保待遇?阶段性又指什么?记者就此采访了人力资源和社会保障部有关负责同志。

费率降低,不会影响养老金按时足额发放

降低社保费率,是否会影响广大参保人员的社会保险待遇标准?人社部回应称,降费率不影响社会保险待遇标准。

这位负责人表示,国务院对阶段性降低社会保险费率提出了明确要求,要确保参保人员各项社会保险待遇标准不降低和待遇按时足额支付。

从养老保险看,此次企业基本养老保险的降费方案包含了三个限制条件:一是有条件的省份降低费率;二是降低费率的期限按两年执行;三是降低1个百分点。其中,有条件的省份指基金累计结余可支付月数高于9个月的省份,这些省份基金支撑能力较强。据测算,多数省份在降低费率1个百分点后仍将保持基金当期收大于支,少数当期收不抵支的省份也完全可以使用累计结余保证待遇支付。

失业保险看,失业保险费率降至1%1.5%,部分省份失业保险基金当期会出现收不抵支。但是,可以通过使用累计结余和省级调剂金确保失业保险待遇支付。

这位负责人同时强调,尽管费率降低,但退休人员基本养老金一定能够做到按时足额发放。从全国情况来看,我国基本养老保险基金运行总体平稳。2015年末,我国当期收支结余总计超过3400亿元,年末基金累计结余超过3.4万亿元,相当于17.7个月的支付水平。同时,此次降低社保费率是有条件的地区阶段性的举措,符合降费条件的省份在两年内费率降低1个百分点,不会影响基金平稳运行。此外,基本养老保险投资运营即将启动实施,基础养老金全国统筹和划转部分国有资本充实社保基金的方案正在研究论证中,这些举措将大大提高我国城镇职工养老保险制度的保障能力,确保广大参保人员“老有所养”。

养老费率不是全国统一降低,限定为累计结余9个月以上省份

为什么此次降低企业职工基本养老保险费率不是全国统一降低,而是限定为累计结余9个月以上的省份?

人社部有关负责人解释说,这是综合考虑多种因素做出的决策。一方面,既要把更多的省份纳入降低费率的范围,留给地方更多自主权。另一方面,又要保证基金平稳运行和长期平衡,确保养老保险待遇标准不降低和待遇按时足额发放。

目前,我国不同地区基本养老保险基金结余水平差距很大。2015年,基金当期收支结余超过3400亿元,年末累计结余超过3.4万亿元,总体看有一定的降费空间。但目前我国尚未实施基础养老金全国统筹,统筹层次仍为省级统筹,基金结余分布很不均衡,有的省份已经出现当期收支赤字,并且面临人口老龄化的挑战,中长期支付压力较大。因此,暂时还不具备全国统一降低费率的条件。

有人担心,有条件的省份降低社会保险费率,可能会带来省际之间的公平性问题。人社部有关负责人介绍,政策设计时已充分考虑了公平性问题。首先,对于当前费率高于20%的省份要降到20%,而当前费率已低于20%的省份,如浙江、福建、山东、广东,则不在此次降费率范围内。其次,降费率是阶段性调整,长期看不会带来地区间费率公平性问题。此外,对于基金支撑能力较弱的省份,人社部将持续关注其基金运行状况。

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