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人民日报刊文详解“养老金上调6.5%是如何确定的”

2016-04-17 02:44:50   人民日报

原标题:养老金发放有保障(政策解读·聚焦)

《人民日报》(2016年04月17日02版)

从2016年1月1日起,为2015年底前已按规定办理退休手续并按月领取基本养老金的企业和机关事业单位退休人员提高基本养老金水平,总体调整水平为2015年退休人员月人均基本养老金的6.5%左右。这是我国连续第十二次上调企业退休人员养老金,也是首次企业与机关事业单位退休人员养老金同步调整,预计将有8500多万企业退休人员、1700多万机关事业单位退休人员受益。待遇多次上调,养老保险基金压力有多大?日前,记者采访了人社部有关负责人和专家。

上调6.5%如何确定的?

企业退休人员养老金调整,此前11次的幅度都是10%左右,今年为何确定为6.5%?

据介绍,从2005年到2015年,国家连续11年较大幅度提高企业退休人员基本养老金,企业退休人员月人均基本养老金水平明显提高,2015年达到2200多元,与2004年的月人均647元相比,提高了2倍多,年平均增长率12%左右。

人社部社保所金维刚所长表示,调整退休人员基本养老金,主要的参照系是物价上涨情况和职工平均工资增长情况,同时也要兼顾养老保险基金和财政等各方面的承受能力,促进养老保险制度长期可持续发展。

此次上调幅度定为6.5%,有两方面考虑。其一,我国经济由高速增长期转入了中高速增长期。GDP增速由2005年11.3%逐步下降至2015年的6.9%,在职职工平均工资增长率由2005年的14.6%降到2014年的10%以下,2015年进一步降低。城市居民消费价格指数2012年以来一直保持在3%以内,2015年下降到1.5%。综合来看,近几年退休人员基本养老金调整幅度已远远超过了物价涨幅,也超过了GDP增速,在一些年份超过了职工平均工资增长率。不少地方,养老金和在岗职工工资倒挂现象突出。许多企业临近退休的员工发现,退休后的收入要比在职时高,养老金调整的频率也高于工资调整频率,出现了千方百计提前退休的状况。

其二,人口老龄化加速发展,养老负担越来越重。“十二五”末,我国60岁以上老年人口达到2.22亿人,比“十一五”末增加4400万。企业离退休人员目前已有8500多万人,比“十一五”末增加2700万人,年均增长8%左右。而同期参保职工年均增长率由“十一五”期间的8.8%下降到6.6%,2015年更大幅下降到3%以下,养老保险抚养比由2011年的3.16∶1下降到2015年的2.88∶1。随着退休人员待遇水平不断提高,养老保险基金收支压力不断增大。

机关事业单位养老金怎么调?

2014年10月1日,机关事业单位养老与企业养老“并轨”,实行同样的社会统筹与个人账户相结合的基本养老保险制度。此前,机关事业单位长期实行退休制度,退休费主要与退休前工资挂钩,退休费的调整也主要跟着工资调整。“并轨”后,机关事业单位退休人员待遇调整不再与同职级在职职工增长工资直接挂钩。

2016年统一安排、同步调整企业和机关事业单位退休人员基本养老金,是“并轨”后机关事业单位退休人员基本养老金首次上调,也是上世纪90年代企业养老保险制度改革以来,企业和机关事业单位第一次一起按照统一的调整办法调整待遇。这消除了两者在待遇调整安排上的不平衡,迈出了统筹各类退休人员待遇调整的第一步。

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