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农民起诉政府讨债23年未立案 最后被判“超过时效”

2016-04-16 10:11:47   新京报

原标题:讨债28年“超过时效”是对法治的双重伤害

陈伯宇向当地政府讨工程款28年,却被判超过诉讼时效败诉,事实上,不是他怠于行使自己的权利,他早在1992年就多次起诉,当时的法院没有立案,这样,诉讼时效应该重新计算。

1988年,湖南资兴市农民陈伯宇,承包了原坪石乡税的一个电站的建设工程。之后,陈伯宇被当地政府拖欠了12万余元的工程款。在接下来的28年时间里,陈伯宇一直在追讨这笔钱。其间,陈伯宇也向法院起诉过乡政府,但一直没有立案。直到2015年2月,此案终于在资兴市人民法院立案了。但是,一审、二审法院均以超过了20年的最长诉讼时效为由,判决陈败诉。

讨债28年,又回到原点。而且这一次,不是乡政府赖账,而是法院以法律的名义拒绝陈伯宇的请求超过法定的诉讼时效。这是对法治的双重伤害。首先,法律设定“诉讼时效”的目的是什么?法谚有云:“权利在呼唤他的主人”,为促进权利人及时行使其权利,避免因为时间太久,造成诉讼困难,所以,法律设定“诉讼时效”,一般的诉讼时效是两年,从当事人知道或者应当知道自己的权利受损之日算起;同时,从权利被侵害之日起超过二十年的,法院将不予保护。

那么,陈伯宇被乡政府欠款28年,超过诉讼时效了吗?诉讼时效还有中断、重新计算的规定。

事实上,不是陈伯宇怠于行使自己的权利,没有去法院起诉,从而超过了20年的诉讼时效,而是他早在1992年就多次起诉,当时的法院没有立案,甚至他拿着湖南省高院、郴州中院的信访回执,都没有能立案成功。超过诉讼时效,不是当事人的错,而是之前地方司法被权力所掣肘,当然不应由陈伯宇承担这个责任。

第一,《最高人民法院关于审理民事案件适用诉讼时效制度若干问题的规定》第十五条规定:“权利人向公安机关、人民检察院、人民法院报案或者控告,请求保护其民事权利的,诉讼时效从其报案或者控告之日起中断。”而且当地法院当时应立案而没有立案,诉讼时效应该重新计算。

第二,大家知道,“立案难”是中国司法的老大难问题,2014年底,党的十八届四中全会推出包括“立案登记制”改革在内的一系列司法改革。当初,是因为司法机关被地方权力架空,导致不能立案;如今国家推行全面依法治国了,推行“立案登记制”改革了,有案必须立,法院却以“超过诉讼时效”的理由判决败诉。这是让“迟到的正义”永远不到站,这是以法律的名义羞辱法律,也是在亵玩中央的“立案登记制改革” 因为很多之前被卡在“立案难”上的老问题,就指望着借这次“立案登记制”解决呢。湖南资兴案无疑开了一个非常糟糕的先例。

退一万步说,就算超出诉讼时效,也仅仅是陈伯宇丧失了程序性权利,没有丧失政府欠他12万元(利息另计)这个实体性权利。当地政府难道就不该把这笔钱还给他吗?为了这笔小钱,毁了自己的公信力,值吗?

□徐明轩(法律工作者)

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