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董事长自杀背后:东北特钢被指违约成全国首例

2016-04-02 10:50:43    经济观察报

根据东北特钢公开的财务数据,2015年前三季度,东北特钢实现营业收入、营业利润分别为145.28亿元和0.91亿元,但公司未分配利润为-7.62 亿元。公司总资产527.76亿元,全部债务总额388.31亿元,资产负债率达到84.35%。国泰君安最近的一则报告中分析,东北特钢违约的主要原因在于周转不灵,其资产负债率保持在84%以上的高位,流动性压力极大,高度依赖滚动融资周转。

李明在接受采访时,不止一次提及去年上半年东北特钢厂房失火的事情,彼时失火的是酸洗厂房,据了解,酸洗除鳞适用非常广,部分热轧产品(包括带钢)、所有的冷轧产品、涂镀产品、特钢、不锈钢都会用到酸洗。“酸洗线烧掉了,很多订单没法接,生产肯定要受到影响,后来推动恢复重建这条生产线,做到一半,由于没钱也停了。这事到新董事长(杨华)过来,也没有解决好。”

酸洗厂房的烧掉,仅仅是东北特钢经营压力扩大的一个象征。虽然2015年的相关公布数据中,利润总额仍是正值,但在李明的概念里,时值整个钢铁行业的艰困时刻,一家老派国企的“浴火重生”其实是一件相当困难的事。

李明谈到与东北特钢的经营状态相关的一个侧面。李明称,近年东北特钢与其供应商之间有多笔欠款,或可作为佐证的是,经济观察报获得的资料显示,2011年以来,东北特钢涉及与拖欠货款相关的诉讼多起,已结案的卷宗显示,东北特钢在多起案件中被判令偿付欠款。

事实上,公司负债率的居高不下,与东北特钢包括大连基地搬迁改造在内的扩大生产等项目投资相关,上百亿的投资让东北特钢的融资需求迅速攀升。数据显示,在2007年,东北特钢负债率从最初的65%飙升至80%上下,这凸显了集团陡然上升的周转压力。

像老杨一样,在东北特钢车间里工作多年的吴坤(化名)到现在还在为这间老国企的出路忧心。吴坤认为,还存在某些环节生产效率不高的情况:“去年公司也加紧了这方面的监督。”

而对于东北特钢来说,却必须面对着另外一番压力。根据联合资信2015年的信用评级报告,东北特钢2012年以来产品产量稳步上升,不过整体产能利用率依然偏低,2014年,公司整体钢材产量229.15万吨,而其钢材总产能为419万吨。

并没有感觉到厂子里有主动缩减产量的做法,问题在于钢材价格一路走低,而能够拿到的订单也相对少了。“效率上不来,钢材也卖不了多少钱,厂子也难办。”吴坤说。事实上在经济下行、产业结构调整的经济区间,面临较大压力的不仅仅是东北特钢。鞍钢股份最新公布的数据显示,2015年公司实现营业收入527.59亿元,同比下降28.75%,业绩下滑的原因则是“外部环境恶化,导致业绩大幅亏损:2015年钢材市场价格大幅下降,而原材料价格降幅相对降低,导致有限的盈利空间进一步压缩。”

与此同时,“世界500强”渤钢集团因涉债高达1920亿元,于今年3月进入债务重组阶段。钢铁行业的“小伙伴”多家陷入窘境,凸显钢铁行业的发展难题。

值得注意的是,从2007年以来,东北特钢并未停止产能的扩张与生产线的升级改造,联合资信评级报告显示,截至去年六月,东北特钢北满基地、抚顺基地、大连基地尚在进行中的投资规划项目达六项,总投资额216.22亿元。与此同时,截至2015年6月底,公司从国内各家银行获得的综合授信额度185.60亿元,尚未使用额度仅剩11.50亿元。

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