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调查:9成受访者不愿延迟退休 7成赞成弹性退休

2016-03-04 05:44:45    中国青年报

81.5%的受访者认为,整体来看,延迟退休更有利于机关事业单位员工。

在北京某互联网公司做人力资源管理的张亚楠认为,国家单位工作人员在自己单位延退就好,相关待遇应该也有保障。但是企业一般都更愿意要年轻人。“如果真如网上所说,退休年龄延迟到65岁,怎么保证老年人的工作机会和权利?是不是可以给老年人一些职业技能培训?”

还有很多人在担心年轻人的工作机会受到挤压。本次调查中,88.1%的受访者担心,延迟退休会导致年轻人就业压力增大。

武汉大学社会保障研究中心主任邓大松曾指出,我国每年新增就业岗位徘徊在1000万个左右,其中,大约30%的岗位来自退休人员的更替。如果延迟退休年龄,带来就业岗位减少,将使大量青年不能进入劳动力市场。

中国劳动学会副会长苏海南指出,我国劳动力总量自2012年开始逐年下降,劳动力无限供给的局面已经发生改变。刚毕业大学生的就业领域和岗位与上一代按现行规定快退休的人有很大不同,两者之间的就业岗位不具备直接的替代性,所以不会因这些人延迟退休影响年轻人的就业。

中国社科院世界社保研究中心主任郑秉文认为,就业率、失业率和一个经济体的退休年龄没有直接因果关系。

调查中,80.7%的受访者担心延迟退休后,自己领取的养老金变少。

自由职业者张龙飞对延迟退休政策有很多疑问。“延迟退休后,养老保险最低缴费时间会延长吗?拿到手的总额会不会变少?父亲按照老家缴费年限最低标准,缴了15年的城镇居民养老保险,本来60岁时就可以拿养老金了,不知道延退以后要多少岁才可以。”他说。

目前,我国养老金保险采用统账结合方式。对外经济贸易大学保险学院副院长孙洁曾在接受本报记者采访时表示,当前养老金待遇发放,统筹部分是(个人在岗期间工资加权平均数个人退休时上一年社会平均工资)除以2,每交一年养老保险,退休时计发1%。个人账户方面,每月发放金额是账户积累金额(个人缴费额存银行和买国债的回报率)除以计发时间,并且个人账户余额还可以继承。

关于养老保险缴费最低年限是否延长,目前官方还没有明确消息。目前,一些地方在完善养老保险“多缴多得”的激励机制。

随着我国社会老龄化程度日渐加深和人口预期寿命的延长,养老金未来收支平衡面临巨大的压力。尹蔚民曾透露,目前,职工养老保险的抚养比是3.04∶1,2020年将下降到2.94∶1,2050年将下降到1.3∶1。我国劳动年龄人口已连续3年减少,人社部副部长胡晓义表示,从2012年起,我国首次出现劳动力总量绝对下降的现象,劳动力比上年减少了345万人。

调查显示,缓解养老金支付风险(72.2%)被受访者视为实行延迟退休的主要原因。9.4%的受访者认为实行延迟退休是为了增加劳动力供给。

延迟退休的实行还需要诸多配套政策。去年12月,由中国社科院人口与劳动经济研究所及社会科学文献出版社共同发布的《人口与劳动绿皮书》建议,在退休年龄改革中引入弹性机制,可考虑以法定退休年龄为基准,规定人们可提前或延迟5年退休,但养老金待遇与退休年龄挂钩。

本次调查显示,对于延迟退休,76.8%的受访者认为延迟退休不能“一刀切”,对引入弹性退休机制表示赞同。

责任编辑:柯旺 CN044
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