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海昏侯墓主确为汉废帝刘贺 墓园将申遗建5A景区

2016-03-03 05:03:02    京华时报

国家文物局江西南昌海昏侯墓专家组组长信立祥介绍,出土文物中包含着能证明刘贺身份的“证据”,其中包括直接证据和间接证据各3项。第一重证据来源于出土的木牍。木牍上是墓主生前写给汉朝皇帝的奏折,“海昏侯臣贺”、“陛下”、“呈太后陛下”、“元康四年六月”的字样依稀可见。其中“贺”字直接指明墓主其人是第一代海昏侯刘贺,“元康”正是汉宣帝刘询的第三个年号,这与刘贺做海昏侯的年代相符。

第二重则是一批金器。在一块墨书金饼上,考古队员发现了模糊的“海昏侯臣贺……元康”等字迹,这是墓主每年八月进贡朝廷之物,正贴合了西汉的酎金制(酎金制要求有封地的侯和王,按照封地的大小和人口数量,在每年八月祭祀时给朝廷献上黄金)。

第三重是刻有“刘贺”二字的玉印,这是证明墓主身份的重中之重,是最直接的证据。2016年1月17日,在开启内棺之时,考古队员在墓主遗骸痕迹的腰部位置发现了一枚白色玉印,上面刻有“刘贺”二字。目前印章尚未提取,因此没能在这次展览中现身。

据了解,在此次展览中虽然看不到海昏侯的私印,但本次展览展出了其他可以证明墓主身份的文物。在第三部分“刘贺其人”中,首博专设了一个展柜,内有出土漆器、木牍以及铭文内容的照片,同时还会通过文献对它们进行对照、解读,从而佐证墓主身份的论断。此外,记录了墓主身份的墨书金饼也在“刘贺其人”展区展出。这件文物价值巨大,不仅仅是因为它含金量达99%之多,更重要的是它上面的墨书题记是对西汉酎金制度的首次实物印证。

□展品

我国酿酒史或提早千年

海昏侯墓迄今已出土一万余件文物。汉代流行“事死如事生”的观念,海昏侯墓有北、东、西三个回廊,回廊的功能分区十分清晰,有钱库、粮库、乐器库、酒具库、衣笥库、武库、文书档案库、杂具库等。

墓葬中还出土了大量金器,其中金饼285枚,马蹄金48枚,麟趾金25枚,金板20块,是迄今我国汉墓考古发现金器数量最多、种类最全的一次,尤其值得注意的是,金饼上的墨书,也从侧面展现了当时西汉的酎金制度。

在此次首博的展馆内,一对雁鱼灯在海昏侯墓出土的多种灯具中最为夺目。它们结构精巧,造型雍容。最外是两片弧形灯罩,可慢慢转动从而调节灯光的亮度和方向。灯火燃烧产生的烟气则会通过“导烟管”大雁的脖颈排入雁腹,溶于腹内的水中,从而保持室内空气的洁净。迄今为止,这种造型的灯具仅在山西平朔、襄汾与陕西神木各出土一件。

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