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海昏侯墓主确认为汉废帝刘贺 遗骸腰部见玉印

2016-03-03 03:47:02    新京报

墓主身份确定了,围绕他的疑惑却越来越浓。史书记载与墓葬文物,将关于刘贺的故事,指向了两个不同的方向。

出世:汉武帝之孙

汉武帝曾下令铸马蹄金和麟趾金赏与诸侯王和贵族,而刘贺墓里的类似金器数量,是已出土汉墓里最多的。

刘贺的出世,要从一首歌说起。

“北方有佳人,绝世而独立,一顾倾人城,再顾倾人国。宁不知倾城与倾国,佳人难再得。”

汉武帝时,在一次宫廷宴会上,乐师李延年献舞时唱了这首歌。歌中所唱的女子,就是李延年的妹妹。不久,佳人入宫,成为史上著名的汉武帝宠妃李夫人。

进宫后,李夫人产下一子,名刘髆,即刘贺的父亲。

公元前97年,刘髆被封为昌邑王,辖今菏泽市境东部的巨野、成武、单县及今天济宁市的金乡、嘉祥五县之域。

当时的昌邑古城,桑麻遍野,盛产五谷,是当时的经济都会、富庶之地,北方的牛马牲畜,南方的丝茶竹器,东方的鱼盐海产,西方的皮革,皆在此交汇。

史书上的一些细节,可以看出当时刘髆、刘贺应是生活优容。

《汉书》记载,李夫人病重时,将独子刘髆及自己的两位兄弟托付给汉武帝。她去世后,汉武帝日夜思念,并按她的遗嘱,加封了兄长李延年,李夫人的弟弟李广利没有尺寸之功,汉武帝也找理由封他为侯。

至于如何厚待刘髆,目前的史料中并未记载,但史学家分析,作为至亲的子孙,刘髆、刘贺得到的荣宠只会更多。

海昏侯大墓里的一些细节,可以佐证这一推测——公元前122年,汉武帝狩猎时发现白色麒麟,认为天降祥瑞,便下令铸造马蹄金和麟趾金,赏赐给诸侯王和贵族,其中就有刘髆。

在墓中,共发掘出马蹄金和麟趾金等金器378件,不仅远超出同时代的中山怀王、中山靖王两座王墓的金器数量,就是放眼所有汉代墓葬,海昏侯墓都是最多的。

公元前88年,封王不过十年,刘髆因病早逝,留下四女一子。作为独子的刘贺,5岁便继承了王位,成为第二代昌邑王。

在两千年后,人们从大量刻着“昌邑九年造”、“昌邑十一年造”等铭文的器物中,慢慢还原出这位年轻公子当时的生活。

有成套的编钟、编磬、琴、瑟、排箫、伎乐俑,有将近万枚的竹简、木牍,有青铜雁鱼灯、青铜火锅,有镶嵌着玛瑙、绿松石和宝石的青铜镜……音乐、书籍、香熏、饮食,样样不缺。

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