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封闭小区将开放 学者:建议先拆机关大院的墙

2016-02-24 01:32:51    第一财经日报

此事另一个争议点是,出台“开放小区、小区道路公共化”这一决策前是否经过民意调查?

程新文对此回答:“中国特色的社会主义法律体系在形成过程当中,它是我们党领导人民来制定法律,党也领导人民遵守法律,同时也领导司法机关来执行法律。所以,党的政策和国家政策怎么样制定出来,有规定的程序。包括向社会各界征求意见,包括向有关部门,也包括人民法院,我们也是作为社会的一分子。”

“作为司法机关来说更多的是接触这种最后一道防线,很多社会矛盾,现在有多元化纠纷解决机制,有不同的解决纠纷的渠道,人民司法是纠纷解决的方式之一,是最后一道防线,我们也会根据人民司法工作实际通过适当方式向有关部门反映司法实践中发现的情况和问题。我们会严格地按照自己的工作职责做好相关工作。”程新文表示。

  “打开封闭小区需征收补偿”

《物权法》第73条规定:建筑区划内的道路,属于业主共有,但属于城镇公共道路的除外。建筑区划内的绿地,属于业主共有,但属于城镇公共绿地或者明示属于个人的除外。建筑区划内的其他公共场所、公用设施和物业服务用房,属于业主共有。

这一段描述写得简洁明了。那么,新政策是否与《物权法》相悖呢?如何在不违反《物权法》的基础上实施推进呢?

王利明教授表示,首先,已经建成的小区,根据《物权法》规定非常明确,小区内道路、空地属于业主共有。如果要打开封闭小区,只能走征收然后补偿的途径,从而实现使用权的移转,这在《物权法》上几乎是唯一的途径。如果既不征收又不补偿,就涉及到侵犯业主权利了。

其次,对于将来新建的小区,王利明建议,应该通过规划明确道路性质,如果已经规划为公共道路后,就不能随意共有了。

小区道路公共化所涉及的征收补偿,应该参照什么标准呢?小区业主是否有权拒绝这一征收、补偿?

王利明向本报记者表示,补偿的话应该按照《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》的相关规定来执行。一般而言,只要严格符合征收程序且基于公共利益的基础之上,政府征收便可以进行。

程新文在2月23日表示,目前,党中央、国务院提出的这一“意见”属于党和国家政策的层面,涉及包括业主在内的有关主体的权益保障问题,还有一个通过立法实现法治化的过程。

换言之,这项政策具体如何执行,还需要通过立法来落实。

眼下,众多法学学者就这一问题发声。

北京理工大学法学院教授徐昕就向本报记者表示:“建议先拆机关大院的墙。”

中国政法大学教授王卫国则认为,政府的出发点是好的,但推行时应尊重大家的意愿和需求。政府不能强行推行,要尊重《物权法》。

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