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天津港爆炸现场尚有320吨氰化钠未能回收

2016-02-08 08:49:47   《财经》杂志

原标题:天津港爆炸现场320吨氰化钠未能回 收需长期风险评估

天津港“8·12”爆炸事发地700吨有毒害性的氰化钠,其中有320.6吨未能回收。由于事故残留的化学品与产生的污染物复杂多样,有关部门仍需继续开展事故中心区环境调查与区域环境风险评估。

《财经》记者肖辉龙/文

2016年2月5日下午,国家安监总局官方网站发布了天津港“8·12”爆炸事故调查报告,该报告认定,事发地700吨有毒害性的氰化钠,其中有320.6吨未得以回收。

报告指出,未回收的320.6吨氰化钠,其中有39%已在水体中得到有效处置或降解,另有58%在爆炸中分解或在大气、土壤环境中气化、氧化分解、降解。

但报告也指出,由于事故残留的化学品与产生的污染物复杂多样,有关部门仍需继续开展事故中心区环境调查与区域环境风险评估。同时,有关部门还将制定、实施不同区域、不同环境介质的风险管控目标,以及相应的污染防控与环境修复方案和措施,并将开展长期环境健康风险调查与研究,重点对事故中心区工作人员与住院人员开展健康体检和疾病筛查,监测、判断本次事故对人群健康的潜在风险与损害。

报告显示,事故中心区范围是此次事故中受损最严重的区域,该区域东至跃进路、西至海滨高速、南至顺安仓储有限公司、北至吉运三道,面积约为54万平方米,都将重点进行环境风险评估。

天津东疆保税港区瑞海国际物流有限公司(下称瑞海公司)发生爆炸事故前,堆场内存放了大量危化品,且大多都具毒害等危害特性。

据瑞海公司改造危化品集装箱堆场项目做的安全评估报告(备案稿)(下称安评报告)数据统计分析,该公司被安评机构认定构成危险货物一级重大危险源。

安评报告列明瑞海公司可同时存放各类危化品的重量中,氰化钠最大储存量为16吨,硝酸钾和硝酸铵最大储存量都是25吨。如果单类危化品存储量超出这些范围,其危险源等级指数将继续增加。

分析报告数据可见,瑞海公司在列明允许存放的危化品中,单类最大储存重量都没有超过26吨。但在瑞海公司的实际操作中,其混存乱放危化品等违规操作问题被安评报告多处提及。

爆炸发生后的8月20日下午,环保部应急中心主任田为勇发布环境监测总体情况消息时就指出,警戒区以内的26个监测点位中有19个都检出氰化物,其中8个点位超标,最大值超过国家标准356倍。

事故发生后,现场喷洒大量双氧水等氧化剂,极大地促进了氰化钠的快速氧化分解。但是,截至2015年10月31日,事故中心区土壤中仍残留约3%不同形态的氰化钠,以及少量不易降解、具有生物蓄积性和慢性毒性的化学品与二次污染物。

调查报告指出,该次事故未见因环境污染导致的人员中毒与死亡的情况,住院病例中虽有17 人出现因吸入粉尘和污染物引起的吸入性肺炎症状,但无实质损伤,愈后良好;距爆炸中心周边约3 公里范围外的人群,短时间暴露于大气环境污染造成不可逆或严重健康影响的风险极低;未采取完善防护措施进入事故中心区的暴露人群健康可能会受到影响。

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