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海昏侯墓今日开棺 墓主或为汉废帝刘贺(图)

2016-01-16 08:21:48   新京报

揭秘1打包转运保护丝织品

去年12月26日上午,为了决定是否打包转运,专家组曾对内棺进行过试开启。

当天,工作人员在内棺盖板的南侧用钢钎打开了一条小缝,通过照射LED灯观察棺内情况。专家组成员、丝织品专家王亚蓉观察发现,棺内的情况比想象的要好,通过小缝,她看到大量的玉器,其中最让她惊喜的是,发现了丝织品的痕迹。

据了解,丝织品的主要原料是桑蚕丝,由于埋藏时间过长,纤维已发生老化,若直接开棺,氧气和强光可能会导致其脆化、粉化,变得面目全非。出于保护丝织品及其他贵重文物的考虑,专家组决定将内棺整体打包,运至低氧实验室处理。

国家文物局专家组成员、社科院考古研究所专家李存信告诉记者,较外棺来说,内棺目前的保存情况较为完好,今日开棺,准备直接揭开棺板,再根据棺内的情况进行清理。

据了解,此前海昏侯墓中出土的2万余件文物已基本完成应急保护工作。其中,最受关注的竹简木牍已完成加固工作,下一步将重启剥离工作。下阶段,内棺清理工作将与其他出土文物的保护研究工作同步进行。

揭秘2首次使用低氧实验室

为了便利实验室考古,实验室内还安装了可以帮助文物“倒立”的横车。当文物的叠压情况较严重,导致无法继续清理时,专家可以使用横车对整个箱体进行180度反转,进行逆向的发掘清理工作。

李存信说:“一个箱体六个面,正面不行从侧面,侧面不行把它翻转过来从底下逆向发掘,让每个遗存保持它的完整状态。”

目前,文物保护房内,一个长5米、宽4米、高2.2米的低氧实验室已经组装完毕。由于棺内文物复杂,在处理不同种类文物时,低氧实验室可设置不同的氧气含量、湿度、温度。在实验室内,工作人员将戴着氧气面罩处理内棺。

据悉,低氧实验室是在国内实验室考古领域中首次使用,这套可移动、拆卸的装备也是为处理海昏侯墓考古而设计,总价值为500万元。而设计这套设备的厂家,此前生产的都是“高精尖”的军事设备。

在实验室旁,还专门配备了古尸存储柜,在发掘过程中如果出现尸骨,将第一时间送入存储柜处理,并进行体质人类学与病理学测定。

揭秘3多证据暗示墓主身份

海昏侯墓考古队领队杨军介绍,据初步推断,墓主很可能是第一代海昏侯刘贺。史料记载,刘贺,汉武帝孙子,5岁继承王位。公元前74年,汉昭帝刘弗陵驾崩。因其膝下无子,侄子刘贺在大将军霍光的操纵下成为皇位的继承人。公元前74年7月18日,差7天满18周岁的刘贺登基。然而,仅仅27天之后,霍光就联合一些大臣,废了刘贺的帝位。成为汉代在位时间最短的皇帝,史称汉废帝。

此前,已经有一些证据指向了刘贺。比如车马坑,杨军介绍,公元前33年,汉成帝下令废除诸侯王车马陪葬制度,根据生卒时间,可以推断墓主为刘贺。

再如在椁室发现的2米多长的床榻。按照事死如事生的丧葬习俗,说明墓主生前经常使用床榻。海昏侯墓考古专家组组长信立祥说,这与史料中称刘贺曾患有比较重的风湿病、行动不便相吻合。

“开内棺,我最期待的,是能发现证明墓主身份的直接证据,比如说金印。”杨军说。

责任编辑:张晓伟 CN042
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