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人大副委员长:警惕一些地方政府事实上“破产”

2015-12-25 03:45:37   新京报

资料图:陈竺。

原标题:“警惕一些地方政府未来事实上‘破产’”

新京报讯(首席记者王姝)12月22日上午,财政部副部长张少春向全国人大常委会作《关于规范地方政府债务管理工作情况的报告》时说:至去年年末,地方政府的债务率为86%,风险总体可控。对此,昨天,全国人大常委会会议分组审议报告时,一些委员提出,不能盲目沉浸在“风险可控”的乐观估计中,必须对当前地方债务的风险严重性有足够认识。

全国人大常委会委员姚胜算了一笔账,粗略计算,目前我国的政府债务大概已经达到36万多亿左右,估计占到GDP的60%左右,约是2015年全国财政预算收入的1.78倍;至于地方政府债务,负有偿还责任的是16万亿,系2015年地方本级财政预算收入数的1.23倍,如果加上或有债务,则达到1.84倍。

全国人大常委会副委员长陈竺提出,由于一些地方政府前期存在过分举债和隐性举债,“未来是否可能出现一些地方政府事实上的‘破产’的问题值得警惕。我国破产法规定的破产主体是企业,一旦地方政府发生事实上的‘破产’,中央政府将承担多大程度的责任?地方人大应该怎样安排?这些问题都应未雨绸缪,提前研究”。

焦点

张少春作报告时提到,个别地区存在发生局部风险的可能性,当前一些地方政府仍然违规举债,“明股暗债”等变相举债行为时有发生。全国人大常委会的调研报告也显示,至今没有一个地方或个人因违规举债被问责。上述地方政府债务乱象是如何形成的?怎样解决?分组审议时这一问题引起了委员热议。

1、“前任举债,新官不管”

一些委员认为,由于干部任期时间短,某种程度形成了“前任举债,新官不管”局面。全国人大农业与农村委员会委员包克辛分析说,“前任领导巨额举债、高额投入,业绩突出,于是升官晋级。后任领导接手后,到了偿债高峰,借新债又受到限制”。列席会议的全国人大代表翁国星认为,干部任期时间太短是违规举债等问题的原因。“我查到的全国平均任期是1.7年,后来中组部一个处长给我回复,说我查到的1.7年比他们掌握的实际数据要长”。

2、“有法不依,问责不到位”

冯淑萍等全国人大常委会委员认为,有法不依,没有实行问责,是地方政府债务乱象的原因之一。“原预算法明确规定地方政府不能借债,而且不能进行担保,结果是债也借了,也担保了,可法不责众,没有问责。如果说以往可以这样做,预算法实施后是不是违规了还不问责?”委员任茂东也表示,举债权力和还债的责任相脱节这种现状不改变,必然导致重借轻还现象,“预算法把权力给了财政部门。财政部门应该严格依法管理好地方债务”。

3、中央财权地方事权界限不清

不少委员提出,根本解决地方政府债务问题,应该清晰界定中央财权、地方事权。委员朱静芝提出,“中央的财权和地方的事权以及中央和地方的责任,大致边界不很清晰。当领导的都愿意给地方做点贡献。政绩是与财权、事权联系在一起的,但现在财权与事权不匹配,就形成了借债的问题。这是最大的问题”。委员冯淑萍也认为,“要想真正解决这个问题,就应该尽快进行财政体制改革”。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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