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新行诉法今日起实施 打通“民告官”七大关卡

2015-05-01 02:06:59   中国新闻网

“这使得一些复议机关更愿意统统维持原有行政行为,被群众调侃为‘维持会’。”清华大学教授何海波说。

“在中国羞于当被告这一观念也不是短时期内就能扭转的。既然有这么一种情况,复议机关就倾向于尽量作出维持的决定,即使面对一些违法的行政行为,也很少去作出改变,所以使得行政复议的功能大打折扣。”李广宇说。

李广宇解释说,尽管修改后的制度设计跟各国的通行做法有些不太一致,但这是针对中国特殊的现实情况,是一个富有中国特色的制度设计,相信能够发挥最初设计这个制度的初衷。

在何海波看来,这将鼓励复议机关积极履行职责。

关卡六:地方保护主义?

通关法则:跨行政区域管辖行政案件!

除了行政复议中的“官官相护”,地方保护主义也成为行诉法实施过程中备受诟病的一大难题。

为此,今起实施的新版行诉法新增条款明确:“经最高人民法院批准,高级人民法院可以根据审判工作的实际情况,确定若干人民法院跨行政区域管辖行政案件。”

“‘民告官’难在哪儿?难在地方保护主义。”北京大学教授姜明安说,新行诉法确立“跨行政区域管辖行政案件”,这有助于法院摆脱地方干预,依法独立行使审判权,也为今后条件成熟时成立行政法院提供了可能。

关卡七:行政机关当“老赖”?

通关法则:可拘留其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员!

除了立案难、审理难,执行难也成为行诉法实施过程中面临的一大难题。

《中国法律年鉴》数据显示,2007至2011年,行政诉讼案件一审判决162767件,同期行政执行案54572件,强制执行率33.53%,即有1/3左右的生效判决没有得到自动履行。

媒体指出,行政诉讼的执行多难于行政机关败诉时。为此,新版行诉法将“行政机关拒绝履行判决、裁定、调解书的,第一审人民法院可以采取的措施进一步丰富、细化。

譬如,“将行政机关拒绝履行的情况予以公告”。

再如,“拒不履行判决、裁定、调解书,社会影响恶劣的,可以对该行政机关直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员予以拘留;情节严重,构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。”

姜明安评价称“这一规定很厉害”,如果行政机关当“老赖”,拒不履行法院判决,法院不仅可以对单位负责人予以罚款,还可以将其拘留。

如上,仅是中新网记者从法律规定层面梳理出的“通关”七则,至于中国“民告官”之路能否真正通关,破解“信访不信法”的怪圈,还需进一步观察新版行诉法的落地实施情况。(完)

(原标题:新行诉法今日起实施 打通“民告官”七大关卡)

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