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媒体:地方暗收“附加费” 收支被指糊涂账

2014-11-24 09:37:34   

国家旅游局今年7月“晒”出的2013年度部门决算中,旅游发展基金达2.08亿。

再如“国家电影事业发展专项资金”,《国家电影事业发展专项资金管理办法》规定,其收费标准为电影票房收入的5%。例如观众购买了一张50元的电影票,那么其中的2.5元就流入到“国家电影事业发展专项资金”。

还有“水利建设基金”,依据财政部、发改委、水利部2011年发布的《水利建设基金筹集和使用管理办法》,“水利建设基金”由“中央水利建设基金”和“地方水利建设基金”组成。“中央水利建设基金”的资金来源包括“从车辆购置税收入中定额提取”等。“地方水利建设基金”可以从车辆通行费等地方收取的政府性基金和行政事业性收费收入中提取。

一些地市的“水利建设基金”来源更为广泛。如江西宜春,除了车辆通行费,还包括驾驶员培训费、市场管理费、个体工商管理费等。

在“水利建设基金”项下,各省份还设立了地方政府性基金“防洪保安资金”,征收范围既有企事业单位、个体经营业者,也包括在职职工,从工资中直接代扣。前年起,江苏、湖南、浙江等省份调整了征收范围,不再向在职职工收取。

不过,江西省财政厅官网、哈尔滨政务公开网显示,两地的“防洪保安资金”仍面向在职职工收取,江西人均费用介于15元至50元。哈尔滨则是每人每年5元。

民生资源“附加费”不止20余种

不仅是政府性基金,各类行政事业性收费项目也是民生资源“附加费”的来源之一。

如捆绑在水价中的“水资源费”、“污水处理费”。各地的“垃圾处理费”,如河北、山东、重庆和深圳、银川等地,也分别绑定在水价、燃气价中。

此外,油价也“派生”出了跟机票绑定的“航空燃油附加费”、“出租车燃油附加费”、“道路客运燃油附加费”。

其中,“道路客运燃油附加费”也是计入了长途客车车票,按里程数征收。比如本月初刚调价的湖南常德,50公里以内的乘客,车票中就有0.75元“道路客运燃油附加费”。

值得注意的是,近年不少城市启用燃气出租车。但“油改气”后,南昌、南京、厦门、沈阳、哈尔滨、青岛、秦皇岛等10余地区仍收“出租车燃油附加费”。重庆、西安则将“出租车燃油附加费”,改名为“出租车燃气附加费。”

施正文认为,民生资源“附加费”远不止上述20余种,“国家层面的政府性基金和行政事业性收费项目还有据可查,从中能发现‘附加费’。难以厘清的是地方政府性基金和地方行政事业性收费项目衍生出的‘附加费’。不少地方政府性基金和行政事业性收费项目都是越权设立、为了收费而设立的,这些地方政府性基金和地方行政事业性收费项目藏了多少‘附加费’?这是一笔糊涂账”。

去年2月,郑州市扫黄打非工作领导小组就发布文件,要求新设网吧额外缴纳“诚信守法及产业发展基金”30万元。此举被指擅自设立收费项目。

内蒙古鄂尔多斯电业局连续两年向用户收取“线路维护费”,未提供收费依据。

审计署广州办章争鸣发表文章也谈到了地方政府性基金乱象,“相关资料显示,目前全国各种政府性基金有近500项,其中除了34项多是经国务院或财政部批准设立的以外,其余基金项目均为各地区或部门越权或违规设立”。

采写/新京报首席记者王姝

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